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Agni Purana — Vyavahara, Shloka 12

Chapter 253 — व्यवहारकथनम्

The Account of Legal Procedure

भ्रातॄणामथ दम्पत्योः पितुः पुत्रस्य चैव हि व्यसनाभिप्लुतेपि वेति ख , घ , ञ च प्रतिभाव्यमृणं ग्राह्यमविभक्तेन च स्मृतम्

bhrātṝṇāmatha dampatyoḥ pituḥ putrasya caiva hi vyasanābhiplutepi veti kha , gha , ña ca pratibhāvyamṛṇaṃ grāhyamavibhaktena ca smṛtam

ভাই-ভনী, দম্পতি আৰু পিতা-পুত্ৰৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত—তেওঁলোকৰ মাজৰ কোনোবাই বিপদে আচ্ছন্ন হ’লেও—জামিন (প্ৰতিভা) দ্বাৰা সুৰক্ষিত ঋণ আদায়যোগ্য; আৰু অবিভক্ত সহভোগীয়েও সেই আদায়ৰ বাবে দায়ী বুলি স্মৃতিত কোৱা হৈছে।

bhrātṝṇāmof brothers
bhrātṝṇām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootbhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)
athaand/then
atha:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha (अव्यय)
FormConjunction/particle (अथ-अव्यय)
dampatyoḥof the couple (husband and wife)
dampatyoḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootdampatī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine dual-form noun (द्विवचनान्त-प्रातिपदिक), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Dual (द्विवचन)
pituḥof the father
pituḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)
putrasyaof the son
putrasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootputra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय)
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (अवधारण)
hifor/indeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (हेतौ/निश्चयार्थक)
vyasana-abhiplutewhen overwhelmed by calamity
vyasana-abhiplute:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvyasana (प्रातिपदिक) + abhipluta (कृदन्त; √plu (प्लु) + क्त, with अभि-)
FormMasculine/Neuter Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); व्यसनेन अभिप्लुतः (तृतीया-तत्पुरुष)
apieven/also
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (अपि—समुच्चय/अपवाद/अल्पार्थ)
vetiknows/understands
veti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vid (विद्) (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular; ‘knows/understands’ (textual reading uncertain due to apparatus)
kha(variant marker)
kha:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkha (अव्यय/संकेत)
FormEditorial marker (पाठभेद-संकेत)
gha(variant marker)
gha:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootgha (अव्यय/संकेत)
FormEditorial marker (पाठभेद-संकेत)
ña(variant marker)
ña:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootña (अव्यय/संकेत)
FormEditorial marker (पाठभेद-संकेत)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयार्थक)
pratibhāvyamto be secured by surety
pratibhāvyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootpratibhāvya (कृदन्त; √bhū/√bhāv with प्रति-, gerundive/यत्)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular; ‘to be guaranteed/surety to be given’ qualifying ṛṇam
ṛṇamdebt
ṛṇam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootṛṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
grāhyamto be taken/recoverable
grāhyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootgrāhya (कृदन्त; √grah (ग्रह्) + यत्, gerundive)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; predicate ‘to be taken/accepted (as recoverable)’
avibhaktenaby an undivided (heir/coparcener)
avibhaktena:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootavibhakta (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; a- + vi-√bhaj (भज्) + क्त)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; ‘by one who is undivided (in estate)’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction
smṛtamis stated
smṛtam:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeAdjective
Rootsmṛta (कृदन्त; √smṛ (स्मृ) + क्त)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; impersonal passive sense ‘is declared/remembered (in smṛti)’

Lord Agni (instructional narration to Vasiṣṭha in the Agni Purāṇa’s dharma-legal section)

Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Dharmashastra","secondary_vidya":"Arthashastra","practical_application":"Rules for recovery of debts secured by surety (pratibhā) among close relations and within undivided joint property; clarifies liability even under calamity and for co-parceners.","sutra_style":true}

Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"Commentary","entry_title":"Pratibhū-ṛṇa-grahaṇa in joint families (brothers, spouses, father-son; avibhakta liability)","lookup_keywords":["pratibhā","pratibhū","avibhakta","bhrātṛ","dampatī","pitr-putra"],"quick_summary":"Debts backed by surety are recoverable even when a party is calamity-struck; in an undivided family, co-parceners may be held liable for such secured recovery."}

Concept: Pratibhū (surety) as a legal instrument; joint-family (avibhakta) responsibility in secured obligations.

Application: When adjudicating recovery, check whether a surety exists and whether the debtor is part of an undivided coparcenary; allocate recovery accordingly.

Khanda Section: Rajadharma & Vyavahara (Dharmaśāstra / Legal Procedure and Debt-Law)

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: dharmya

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A creditor presents a bond with a surety seal; brothers/spouses/father-son stand as a joint household; the judge orders recovery from the undivided family pool despite one member’s calamity.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural, court with palm-leaf bond bearing seal, surety standing beside debtor; joint family group (brothers, couple, father-son) shown together; judge gestures toward common granary/treasury symbolizing avibhakta assets","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore style, gold on treasury chest and court arch, creditor holding bond, surety with raised hand of guarantee, joint family in rich attire, king-judge indicating recovery from common estate","mysore_prompt":"Mysore painting, schematic clarity: bond, surety, debtor, coparceners; a shared property chest labeled ‘avibhakta’; calm didactic composition","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, detailed legal hearing, document with seal, surety standing, joint family members in a row, clerk recording, judge ordering recovery from shared household stores"}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":"Todi","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: bhrātṝṇāmatha → bhrātṝṇām atha; vyasanābhiplutepi → vyasana-abhiplute api; grāhyamavibhaktena → grāhyam avibhaktena. Segment ‘veti kha, gha, ña’ appears as textual apparatus/variant markers; semantic reading uncertain.

Related Themes: Agni Purana 253.13 (types of surety and liability on failure)

S
Smṛti (Dharmaśāstra authority)
P
Pratibhā (Surety/Guarantee)
A
Avibhakta (Undivided co-parcener / joint family member)

FAQs

It imparts legal-technical knowledge of ṛṇa-vyavahāra: a debt backed by a surety (pratibhā) remains recoverable, and liability can extend to an undivided co-parcener in joint-family contexts.

Beyond myth and ritual, the Agni Purāṇa preserves Dharmaśāstra-style civil law—here, enforceability of secured debts and rules of liability among close relations and joint-family members—showing its coverage of governance and jurisprudence.

By emphasizing repayment and enforceable liability even in adversity, it supports dharma in economic conduct: honoring debts and guarantees sustains social trust and is treated as a righteous obligation with karmic weight.