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Agni Purana — Raja-dharma, Shloka 24

Chapter 242 — पुरुषलक्षणं

Purusha-Lakshana): Marks of a Man (Physiognomy

चतुर्दशसमद्वन्द्व एतत्सामान्यतो नरः विद्याश् चतुर्दश द्व्यक्षैः पश्येद्यः षोडशाक्षकः

caturdaśasamadvandva etatsāmānyato naraḥ vidyāś caturdaśa dvyakṣaiḥ paśyedyaḥ ṣoḍaśākṣakaḥ

সাধাৰণতে মানুহে ইয়াক চৌদটা সম-দ্বন্দ্ব (যুগল) বুলি বুজিব। যি দ্ব্যক্ষৰ-খণ্ডে বিন্যস্ত চৌদ ‘বিদ্যা’ উপলব্ধি কৰে, সি ষোড়শাক্ষৰ (মন্ত্ৰ/বিদ্যা)ৰ জ্ঞাতা।

caturdaśa-sama-dvandvaḥhaving fourteen equal pairs
caturdaśa-sama-dvandvaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootcaturdaśa (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + sama (प्रातिपदिक) + dvandva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारयसमास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन; ‘चतुर्दशसम’ = चतुर्दशप्रमाणसमः
etatthis
etat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन
sāmānyataḥgenerally
sāmānyataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsāmānyatas (अव्ययभावे)
Formअव्यय; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त (ablatival adverb) = ‘generally/in common’
naraḥa man/person
naraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन
vidyāḥsciences/knowledges
vidyāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvidyā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन
caturdaśafourteen
caturdaśa:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootcaturdaśan (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसंख्यावाचक (numeral), प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचनार्थे अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः
dvi-akṣaiḥwith two-syllabled (letters)
dvi-akṣaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootdvi (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + akṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्विगु-समास; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3), बहुवचन
paśyetshould see/recognize
paśyet:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√dṛś (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
yaḥwho
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन
ṣoḍaśa-akṣakaḥone having sixteen syllables/letters
ṣoḍaśa-akṣakaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootṣoḍaśa (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + akṣaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष (षोडश अक्षाणि यस्य/षोडशाक्षकः); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन

Lord Agni (in dialogue, traditionally instructing Sage Vasiṣṭha)

Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Mantra","secondary_vidya":"Vyakarana","practical_application":"Mantra classification by syllabic structure (akṣara), pairing/opposition schema, and recognition of a ṣoḍaśākṣarī framework used in japa and nyāsa.","sutra_style":true}

Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"Commentary","entry_title":"Caturdaśa-dvandva and ṣoḍaśākṣarī-vidyā recognition","lookup_keywords":["caturdaśa-dvandva","vidyā","dvyakṣara","ṣoḍaśākṣarī","varṇa-chandas"],"quick_summary":"Explains a schematic: fourteen paired units (dvandva) understood through two-syllable groupings, culminating in knowledge/recognition of a sixteen-syllabled vidyā. Useful for mantra-analysis, nyāsa mapping, and disciplined japa."}

Alamkara Type: Dvandva (paired structuring)

Concept: Mantra-jñāna arises from disciplined perception of akṣara-structure and relational pairing, not mere recitation.

Application: In japa/nyāsa, count akṣaras, group into dvyakṣara units, and maintain the intended paired schema; use this to avoid mantra-bhraṃśa (phonetic error).

Khanda Section: Mantra-vidya & Varna/Chandas (Tantric–Vedic phonetics and mantra classification)

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A mantra-teacher draws a syllabic grid: fourteen paired units arranged as two-syllable blocks, pointing toward a highlighted sixteen-syllable mantra schema; students chant softly.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural, guru with palm-leaf manuscript, geometric akṣara grid on a board, fourteen paired blocks shown symmetrically, sacred lamp-lit classroom ambiance.","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore style, gold-highlighted akṣara blocks and mantra diagram, guru with halo-like aura, students seated, ornate border emphasizing sacred phonetics.","mysore_prompt":"Mysore painting, crisp instructional diagram of dvyakṣara groupings and a highlighted ṣoḍaśākṣarī line, minimal background, emphasis on legibility.","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature scholastic scene, calligraphic Sanskrit akṣaras in neat blocks, teacher indicating paired units with a pointer, refined interior details."}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"contemplative","suggested_raga":"Kalyani","pace":"slow","voice_tone":"instructional"}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: etatsāmānyato = etat+sāmānyataḥ. vidyāś = vidyāḥ (visarga sandhi before c-). dvyakṣaiḥ = dvi+akṣaiḥ. paśyedyaḥ = paśyet+yaḥ. ṣoḍaśākṣakaḥ = ṣoḍaśa+akṣakaḥ.

Related Themes: Agni Purana 242 (mantra/varṇa discussion); Agni Purana mantra-lakṣaṇa and chandas-related passages elsewhere

A
Agni Purana
V
Vidya
M
Mantra
A
Akshara (syllable)

FAQs

It teaches a technical way to classify/recognize mantra-vidyās through syllable-structure: fourteen paired sets understood via disyllabic (two-syllable) units, culminating in the framework of a sixteen-syllabled mantra/vidyā.

Beyond myth and devotion, it preserves a schematic, quasi-technical taxonomy of mantras (akṣara-counting, pairing, and structural analysis), showing the text’s broad coverage of ritual science, phonetics, and esoteric liturgical method.

Correct discernment of mantra structure is treated as essential for proper japa and ritual efficacy; understanding the vidyā by its syllabic form supports purity of recitation and the intended spiritual result (siddhi/merit) of the practice.