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Agni Purana — Dharma-shastra, Shloka 1

अध्याय १६२ — धर्मशास्त्रकथनम्

Dharmaśāstra Exposition: Authorities, Pravṛtti–Nivṛtti, Upākarman, and Anadhyāya Rules

आग्रत्स्वप्नसुसुप्त्यान्तमुक्तमिति ङ , छ , ञ च इत्य् आग्नेये अशौचनिर्णय इत्य् आदिः, सत्यमानन्दमद्वयमित्यन्तः पाठो ग पुस्तके नास्ति अथ द्विषष्ट्यधिकशततमो ऽध्यायः धर्मशास्त्रकथनं पुष्कर उवाच मनुर्विष्णुर्याज्ञवल्को हारीतो ऽत्रिर्यमो ऽङिगिराः वसिष्ठदक्षसंवर्तशातातपपराशराः

āgratsvapnasusuptyāntamuktamiti ṅa , cha , ña ca ity āgneye aśaucanirṇaya ity ādiḥ, satyamānandamadvayamityantaḥ pāṭho ga pustake nāsti atha dviṣaṣṭyadhikaśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ dharmaśāstrakathanaṃ puṣkara uvāca manurviṣṇuryājñavalko hārīto 'triryamo 'ṅigirāḥ vasiṣṭhadakṣasaṃvartaśātātapaparāśarāḥ

‘জাগ্ৰৎ, স্বপ্ন, সুষুপ্তি’—এই শব্দান্তলৈকে ইতি উক্ত—বুলি (ঙ, ছ, ঞ) পাঠভেদত পোৱা যায়। আগ্নেয় (অগ্নি পুরাণ)ত আৰম্ভ ‘অশৌচ-নিৰ্ণয়’ৰে; ‘সত্য, আনন্দ, অদ্বয়’—এই অন্ত্যপাঠ ‘গ’ পাণ্ডুলিপিত নাই। এতিয়া আৰম্ভ হয় ১৬২তম অধ্যায়—‘ধর্মশাস্ত্ৰকথন’। পুষ্কৰে ক’লে—মনু, বিষ্ণু, যাজ্ঞবল্ক্য, হাৰীত, অত্রি, যম, অঙ্গিৰা, বসিষ্ঠ, দক্ষ, সংৱৰ্ত, শাতাতপ আৰু পৰাশৰ (প্ৰমাণ)।

āgrat-svapna-susupti-anta-muktam(that which is) free from waking, dream, and deep sleep, etc.
āgrat-svapna-susupti-anta-muktam:
Karma/Predicate (contextual, editorial)
TypeNoun
Rootāgrat (प्रातिपदिक) + svapna (प्रातिपदिक) + susuপ্তि (प्रातिपदिक) + anta (प्रातिपदिक) + mukta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन); बहुपद-तत्पुरुष: ‘āgrat-svapna-susupti-antaṃ (yatra) muktaṃ’ (that which is free from waking, dream, deep-sleep etc.)
uktamsaid / stated
uktam:
Predicate (विधेय)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त, कर्मणि), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग) Nom./Acc. Singular; from √vac (वच्) ‘to say’
itithus
iti:
Quotation marker (उद्धरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormQuotative particle (इति-निपात)
ṅathe letter ṅa
ṅa:
Metalinguistic item
TypeIndeclinable
Rootṅa (अव्यय/वर्ण)
FormLetter-name (वर्णनिर्देश), indeclinable
chathe letter cha
cha:
Metalinguistic item
TypeIndeclinable
Rootcha (अव्यय/वर्ण)
FormLetter-name (वर्णनिर्देश), indeclinable
ñathe letter ña
ña:
Metalinguistic item
TypeIndeclinable
Rootña (अव्यय/वर्ण)
FormLetter-name (वर्णनिर्देश), indeclinable
caand
ca:
Connector (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
itithus
iti:
Quotation marker (उद्धरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormQuotative particle (इति-निपात)
āgneyein the Āgneya (portion)
āgneye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण) (location/topic)
TypeAdjective
Rootāgneya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग) Locative (सप्तमी) Singular (एकवचन); ‘in the Āgneya (section)’
aśauca-nirṇayaḥdetermination of impurity (aśauca)
aśauca-nirṇayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) / Title (शीर्षक)
TypeNoun
Rootaśauca (प्रातिपदिक) + nirṇaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘aśaucasya nirṇayaḥ’
itithus
iti:
Quotation marker (उद्धरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormQuotative particle (इति-निपात)
ādiḥbeginning / starts with
ādiḥ:
Predicate (विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootādi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
satyam-ānandaṃ-advayamtruth, bliss, non-dual (one)
satyam-ānandaṃ-advayam:
Predicate/Title fragment (contextual)
TypeNoun
Rootsatya (प्रातिपदिक) + ānanda (प्रातिपदिक) + advaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative Singular; कर्मधारय/समाहार: ‘satyaṃ ca ānandaṃ ca advayaṃ ca’ as a descriptive epithet
itithus
iti:
Quotation marker (उद्धरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormQuotative particle (इति-निपात)
antaḥending / ends with
antaḥ:
Predicate (विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootanta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
pāṭhaḥthe reading / text
pāṭhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpāṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
ga(ms.) ‘ga’
ga:
Metatext marker
TypeIndeclinable
Rootga (अव्यय/संकेत)
FormManuscript siglum (पुस्तक-चिह्न), indeclinable
pustakein the manuscript/book
pustake:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpustaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी) Singular (एकवचन)
nāstiis not
nāsti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootas (धातु)
FormLaṭ (लट्, present), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person) Singular (एकवचन); negated form ‘na + asti’
athanow / then
atha:
Discourse marker
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha (अव्यय)
FormDiscourse particle (अथ), section transition
dvi-ṣaṣṭi-adhika-śata-tamaḥthe one-hundred-and-sixty-second
dvi-ṣaṣṭi-adhika-śata-tamaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of adhyāyaḥ
TypeAdjective
Rootdvi (प्रातिपदिक) + ṣaṣṭi (प्रातिपदिक) + adhika (प्रातिपदिक) + śata (प्रातिपदिक) + tama (प्रत्यय)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular; ordinal adjective: ‘the 162nd’ (100 + 60 + 2)
adhyāyaḥchapter
adhyāyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) / Heading (शीर्षक)
TypeNoun
Rootadhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
dharma-śāstra-kathanamstatement of dharmaśāstra
dharma-śāstra-kathanam:
Apposition/Title (समानााधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक) + śāstra (प्रातिपदिक) + kathana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/द्वितीया) Singular; तत्पुरुष: ‘dharmaśāstrasya kathanam’
puṣkaraḥPuṣkara
puṣkaraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpuṣkara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormLiṭ (लिट्, perfect), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person) Singular (एकवचन)
manuḥManu
manuḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (in list)
TypeNoun
Rootmanu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
viṣṇuḥViṣṇu
viṣṇuḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (in list)
TypeNoun
Rootviṣṇu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
yājñavalkyaḥYājñavalkya
yājñavalkyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (in list)
TypeNoun
Rootyājñavalkya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
hārītaḥHārīta
hārītaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (in list)
TypeNoun
Roothārīta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
atriḥAtri
atriḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (in list)
TypeNoun
Rootatri (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
yamaḥYama
yamaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (in list)
TypeNoun
Rootyama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
aṅgirāḥAṅgiras
aṅgirāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (in list)
TypeNoun
Rootaṅgiras (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन) (Vedic-style stem aṅgiras)
vasiṣṭha-dakṣa-saṃvarta-śātātapa-parāśarāḥVasiṣṭha, Dakṣa, Saṃvarta, Śātātapa, and Parāśara
vasiṣṭha-dakṣa-saṃvarta-śātātapa-parāśarāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (in list)
TypeNoun
Rootvasiṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक) + dakṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + saṃvarta (प्रातिपदिक) + śātātapa (प्रातिपदिक) + parāśara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन); itaretara-dvandva list of sages

Puṣkara

Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Dharmashastra","secondary_vidya":"Vyakarana","practical_application":"Establishes smṛti-authorities for dharma and frames the chapter’s jurisprudential method; also notes manuscript/recension variants—useful for textual criticism and correct ritual/legal application (e.g., aśauca determinations).","sutra_style":false}

Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"List","entry_title":"Smṛti-Authorities for Dharma (Manu to Parāśara) and Textual Recension Note","lookup_keywords":["aśauca-nirṇaya","smṛti-pramāṇa","manu","yājñavalkya","parāśara"],"quick_summary":"Introduces the Dharmaśāstra chapter by listing principal smṛti authorities and preserves a note on recension differences, signaling that dharma rulings (like aśauca) depend on reliable textual transmission."}

Concept: Pramāṇa in dharma: smṛti authorities and stable textual readings are foundational for determining conduct rules (notably aśauca).

Application: When resolving purity/impurity and conduct disputes, consult recognized smṛti lineages and verify readings across recensions/manuscripts before applying rulings.

Khanda Section: Dharma-shastra (Aśauca & Smṛti-Authorities)

Primary Rasa: śānta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Type: Tirtha

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A scholastic assembly at Puṣkara: sages seated with palm-leaf manuscripts; a narrator introduces the Dharmaśāstra chapter and enumerates authorities; marginal notes show variant readings (recensions) like a scribe’s colophon.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural, sage Puṣkara speaking to a circle of ṛṣis, palm-leaf bundles and stylus, temple-tank backdrop suggesting Puṣkara tīrtha, warm ochres, bold outlines, manuscript-variant motifs as decorative borders","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting, seated sages with gold halos, ornate manuscript stand, central speaker gesturing as names of smṛti-kāras appear on scroll-like bands, rich gold work and symmetrical court-like assembly","mysore_prompt":"Mysore style, instructional scholarly scene: scribe comparing two manuscripts, side-notes indicating ‘ṅ/छ/ञ’ recensions, calm classroom-like setting with fine linework and soft colors","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, learned majlis with scholars on carpets, stacks of manuscripts, one scholar pointing to marginal variants, architectural pavilion and waterbody hinting at Puṣkara, intricate detailing"}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":null,"pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: o 'sau etc. not present here; ity āgneye = iti + āgneye; ity ādiḥ = iti + ādiḥ; ityantaḥ = iti + antaḥ; dviṣaṣṭyadhikaśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ = ... + adhyāyaḥ; manurviṣṇur... = manuḥ + viṣṇuḥ + ...; hārīto 'triḥ = hārītaḥ + atriḥ; yamo 'ṅgirāḥ = yamaḥ + aṅgirāḥ.

Related Themes: Agni Purana 162 (Dharmaśāstra-kathana) opening; aśauca-nirṇaya section that follows; Agni Purana earlier śauca/prāyaścitta discussions in vrata context

A
Agni Purana (Āgneya)
A
Aśauca (ritual impurity)
M
Manu
V
Viṣṇu (Viṣṇu-smṛti)
Y
Yājñavalkya
H
Hārīta
A
Atri
Y
Yama
A
Aṅgiras
V
Vasiṣṭha
D
Dakṣa
S
Saṃvarta
Ś
Śātātapa
P
Parāśara

FAQs

It introduces Dharmaśāstra instruction by citing Smṛti authorities and signals that the chapter’s subject begins with aśauca-nirṇaya—practical rules for ritual impurity and purification.

By anchoring its legal/ritual section in a recognized corpus of Smṛti authors (Manu, Yājñavalkya, Parāśara, etc.) and preserving textual-variant notes, it shows the Purāṇa functioning as a compendium of jurisprudence, ritual practice, and scholarly transmission.

Correct handling of aśauca safeguards ritual eligibility and purity, ensuring that rites (śrāddha, dāna, pūjā) are performed in a dharmically valid manner, which is held to preserve merit (puṇya) and avoid ritual fault (doṣa).