Skanda Purana — Prabhasa Khanda, Shloka 42

Devanagari script

शंखः कंबलकश्चैव नागश्चाश्वतरस्तथा । मुक्तकः कालियश्चैव जनकोऽथापराजितः

Transliteration

śaṃkhaḥ kaṃbalakaścaiva nāgaścāśvatarastathā | muktakaḥ kāliyaścaiva janako'thāparājitaḥ

Translation

شَنْخا (Śaṅkha) وكَمْبَلاكا (Kaṃbalaka)؛ وناغا (Nāga) وكذلك أَشْوَتارا (Aśvatara)؛ ومُكْتَكا (Muktaka) وكالِيَة (Kāliya)؛ ثم جَنَكا (Janaka) وأَبَراجِيتا (Aparājita)—فهؤلاء أيضًا من جموع الناغا في الحَرَم المقدّس.

Word by Word

• śaṃkhaḥ: Śaṅkha (name)
• śaṃkhaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śaṃkha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• kaṃbalakaḥ: Kambalaka (name)
• kaṃbalakaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kaṃbalaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Connector (Samuccaya)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• eva: also/indeed
• eva: Particle (Nipāta)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण (particle)

• nāgaḥ: Nāga (name)
• nāgaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nāga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Connector (Samuccaya)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• aśvataraḥ: Aśvatara (name)
• aśvataraḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aśvatara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• tathā: likewise/and also
• tathā: Connector/Adverbial
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय/उपमान (adverb/conjunction: ‘likewise’)

• muktakaḥ: Muktaka (name)
• muktakaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: muktaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• kāliyaḥ: Kāliya (name)
• kāliyaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāliya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Connector (Samuccaya)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• eva: also/indeed
• eva: Particle (Nipāta)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण (particle)

• janakaḥ: Janaka (name)
• janakaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: janaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• atha: then/and next
• atha: Discourse particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अनुक्रम/आरम्भ (particle: ‘then/now’)

• aparājitaḥ: Aparājita (name)
• aparājitaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aparājita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

Speaker

Skanda (deduced)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Dvārakā-kṣetra (within Prabhāsa sacred ambit)

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A sacred gateway of Dvārakā with subtle nāga presences—serpent kings named Śaṅkha, Kaṃbalaka, Nāga, Aśvatara, Muktaka, Kāliya, Janaka, Aparājita—coiled as protective motifs around pillars and threshold, while pilgrims approach with offerings.

Characters & Entities

• Śaṅkha
• Kaṃbalaka
• Nāga
• Aśvatara
• Muktaka
• Kāliya
• Janaka
• Aparājita

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Remembering the sacred roster of protectors reinforces the sense that the tīrtha is living, guarded, and spiritually potent.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

Dvārakā’s nāga-associated sacred sphere (linked with Nāgasthala in the surrounding verses).

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

No explicit prescription; the verse continues the enumerative mapping of revered nāga presences for devotional remembrance and worship-context.