Rig Veda 9.55.4: Mandala 9, Sukta 55, Mantra 4
Sukta 9.55
Devata: Soma Pavamāna
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यो जिनाति न जीयते हन्ति शत्रुमभीत्य । स पवस्व सहस्रजित् ॥
Transliteration
yó jinā́ti ná jī́yate hánti śátrum abhī́tya | sá pavasva sahasra-jít ||
Translation
هو الذي يَغلب ولا يُغلَب، والذي يَضرب العدوَّ مُقدِمًا عليه—فطهِّرْ نفسك هكذا، يا كاسبَ الألفِ غنيمة؛ وكن فينا قوّةَ الظفر التي لا تُقهر.
Word by Word
यःwho (he who)
यः:
Kartā (सम्बन्ध-कर्तृ, यः = ‘he who’)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
जिनातिconquers, overcomes
जिनाति:
Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया; कर्ता = यः)
TypeVerb
Rootजि (धातु) ‘जयति/अभिभवति’
नnot
न:
(निषेधक) क्रियाविशेषणम्
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निषेध-अव्यय)
जीयतेis conquered / is defeated
जीयते:
Kriyā (न-निषिद्धा; ‘is not conquered’)
TypeVerb
Rootजि (धातु) ‘जयति’ → कर्मणि/आत्मनेपद-प्रयोगः
हन्तिstrikes, slays
हन्ति:
Kriyā (कर्तृ = सः/यः)
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु) ‘हिंसागत्योः/वध’
शत्रुम्the enemy
शत्रुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु (प्रातिपदिक)
अभीतिapproaches, attacks
अभीति:
Kriyā (उपक्रिया; ‘approaches/attacks’—शत्रुं प्रति)
TypeVerb
Rootअभि + इ (धातु) → ‘अभ्येति/अभिगच्छति’ (पुरातन-रूप ‘अभीति’)
सःhe
सः:
Kartā (आदेश/विधेय-वाक्ये)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
पवस्वpurify yourself, flow pure
पवस्व:
Kriyā (सम्बोधन-विधि; सोमं प्रति)
TypeVerb
Rootपू (धातु) ‘पवते/शुध्यति’
सहस्रजित्thousand-winning, winner of thousands
सहस्रजित्:
Viśeṣaṇa (सः/पवस्व इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootसहस्र + जित् (कृदन्त: √जि + क्विप्/क्विन्-प्रत्ययः; ‘जित्’ = ‘conqueror/winner’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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