Rig Veda 5.47.1: Mandala 5, Sukta 47, Mantra 1

Sukta 5.47

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) (book 5)

Devata: Ambiguous/poetic: a feminine power (often read as Uṣas or a maternal cosmic principle) and the Pitṛs; hymn moves into ancestral/cosmic imagery

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; confirm in critical edition)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्रयुञ्जती दिव एति ब्रुवाणा मही माता दुहितुर्बोधयन्ती । आविवासन्ती युवतिर्मनीषा पितृभ्य आ सदने जोहुवाना ॥

Transliteration

prayuñjatī́ divá eti bruvāṇā́ mahī́ mātā́ duhitur bódhayantī | ā́vivāsantī yuvatír manīṣā́ pitṛ́-bhya ā́ sadáne jóhuvānā ||

Translation

تُسخِّرُ نَفْسَها وتَمْضي مِنْ سَماءِ النُّورِ مُتَكَلِّمَةً؛ فالأمُّ العُظمى تُوقِظُ ابنتَها. والفتاةُ الفَتِيَّةُ ذاتُ البَصيرةِ المُلهَمة، وهي تُؤدّي التبجيل، تَدعو الآباءَ (Pitṛ) إلى مَقعدِهم—تستحضِرُ قُوى الأسلافِ لِتُقيمَ اليَجْنَا (yajña) فينا.

Ask anything about this verse...Ask

Word by Word

• प्रयुञ्जती: yoking/setting in motion
• प्रयुञ्जती: Kartā
• Type: Verb (present participle)
• Root: प्र-युज् (युज्)

• दिवः: of heaven, from the sky
• दिवः: Apādāna (source) / Genitive relation
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव् (द्यौः) / दिव्-प्रातिपदिक

• एति: goes, comes
• एति: Kriyā (finite verb) / with Kartā = implied subject
• Type: Verb
• Root: इ (एति)

• ब्रुवाणा: speaking, declaring
• ब्रुवाणा: Kartā (co-referential with main subject)
• Type: Verb (present participle)
• Root: ब्रू

• मही: great
• मही: Viśeṣaṇa (of ‘माता’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (मही-स्त्रीरूप)

• माता: mother
• माता: Kartā (subject of participles/verb-context)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातृ

• दुहितुः: of the daughter
• दुहितुः: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुहितृ

• बोधयन्ती: awakening, making (her) know
• बोधयन्ती: Kartā
• Type: Verb (present participle, causative)
• Root: बुध् (caus. बोधय-)

• आविवासन्ती: paying reverence, doing homage
• आविवासन्ती: Kartā
• Type: Verb (present participle)
• Root: आ-वि-वास् (intensive/desiderative-like present stem आविवास-)

• युवतिः: the young woman
• युवतिः: Kartā (apposition to ‘माता’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युवति-प्रातिपदिक

• मनीषा: insight, inspired thought
• मनीषा: Kartā (apposition/abstract as agent: ‘with/through thought’ also possible)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनीषा-प्रातिपदिक

• पितृभ्यः: to the Fathers (ancestors)
• पितृभ्यः: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ

• आ: towards, unto
• आ: Upasarga (directional)
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb/preposition)
• Root: आ

• सदने: in the seat/dwelling (assembly-place)
• सदने: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: सदन-प्रातिपदिक

• जोहुवाना: repeatedly invoking/calling
• जोहुवाना: Kartā
• Type: Verb (perfect/intensive participle)
• Root: हु (intensive stem जोहुव-)