Rig Veda 5.43.4 — Mandala 5, Sukta 43, Mantra 4

Sukta 5.43

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya) (traditional; verify)

Devata: Soma (process imagery within a broader hymn sequence)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh/Jagatī (to be confirmed)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

दश क्षिपो युञ्जते बाहू अद्रिं सोमस्य या शमितारा सुहस्ता । मध्वो रसं सुगभस्तिर्गिरिष्ठां चनिश्चदद्दुदुहे शुक्रमंशुः ॥

Transliteration

dáśa kṣípo yuñjate bāhū́ ádrim sómasya yā́ śamitā́rā suhástā | mádhvo rásaṃ sugábhastir giriṣṭhā́ṃ cániścadad duduhe śukrám aṃśúḥ ||

Translation

عشرةٌ سراعٌ يقرنون أذرعهم بحجرِ العصرِ لسوما (Soma)—أولئك المُشكِّلون المهرةُ حَسَنو الأيدي. ومن جوهرٍ مُعسَّل، يَحلبُ الشعاعُ الحَسَنُ القبضةِ السيلَ المضيءَ من منبعٍ مُقيمٍ في الجبل، جارياً ثمّ مستقراً في مجراه.

Word by Word

• दश: ten
• दश: विशेषण (संख्या-विशेषण) of क्षिपः
• Type: Noun (Numeral)
• Root: दशन् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)

• क्षिपः: hands/arms
• क्षिपः: Kartā (with युञ्जते)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षिप् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘hand/arm’ in Vedic usage)

• युञ्जते: they yoke / they set to work
• युञ्जते: Kriyā (predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: युज्

• बाहू: the two arms
• बाहू: Karma (object of युञ्जते)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाहु (प्रातिपदिक)

• अद्रिम्: the stone (press-stone)
• अद्रिम्: Karma (object understood with ‘grasp/press’; linked with सोम-pressing)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अद्रि (प्रातिपदिक)

• सोमस्य: of Soma
• सोमस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive: of Soma)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम (प्रातिपदिक)

• याः: who/which (fem. pl.)
• याः: Kartā (relative pronoun referring to क्षिपः/हस्ताः)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• शमितारः: the preparers / arrangers
• शमितारः: Kartā-apposition (to याः / क्षिपः)
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: शमितृ (प्रातिपदिक; agent noun from √शम्/√शम् ‘to quiet/prepare’; Vedic: ‘preparers, arrangers’)

• सुहस्ताः: having good hands, deft-handed
• सुहस्ताः: विशेषण (of शमितारः / the hands/agents)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-हस्त (प्रातिपदिक; su + hasta)

• मध्वः: of sweetness / of honey
• मध्वः: सम्बन्ध (genitive: of honey/sweetness)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु (प्रातिपदिक)

• रसम्: juice, sap
• रसम्: Karma (object of दुहे)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रस (प्रातिपदिक)

• सुगभस्तिः: with good grasp/hand, strong-handed
• सुगभस्तिः: Kartā (subject of दुहे; epithet of अंशुः)
• Type: Adjective (substantival)
• Root: सु-गभस्ति (प्रातिपदिक; su + gabhasti ‘hand/forearm, grasp’)

• गिरिष्ठाम्: mountain-standing, mountain-dwelling
• गिरिष्ठाम्: Karma (object/goal with चनिश्चदत्: ‘reached the mountain-dwelling [one/thing]’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गिरि-स्था (प्रातिपदिक; ‘standing on the mountain’)

• चनिश्चदत्: he reached / he came to
• चनिश्चदत्: Kriyā (with subject सुगभस्तिः/अंशुः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चनि-√सद् (Vedic compound verb; ‘to settle upon, reach, come to’)

• दुदुहे: he milked out / drew forth
• दुदुहे: Kriyā (main: ‘milked out’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दुह्

• शुक्रम्: bright, pure
• शुक्रम्: Karma (qualifier/object with implied ‘juice’: bright/pure)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुक्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अंशुः: the Soma-stalk / the ray (Soma)
• अंशुः: Kartā (subject of चनिश्चदत्, दुदुहे)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अंशु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ray; Soma-stalk/pressed Soma’)