Rig Veda 3.33.11: Mandala 3, Sukta 33, Mantra 11

Sukta 3.33

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina

Devata: Rivers (as enabling powers) with Indra as the impelling force in the background

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यदङ्ग त्वा भरताः संतरेयुर्गव्यन्ग्राम इषित इन्द्रजूतः । अर्षादह प्रसवः सर्गतक्त आ वो वृणे सुमतिं यज्ञियानाम् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 3.33.11

Transliteration

yád aṅgá tvā bharatā́ḥ saṃ-táreyur gavyán grā́ma iṣitá índra-jūtaḥ | árṣād áha prasaváḥ sárga-takta ā́ vo vṛṇe su-matíṃ yajñíyānām ||

Translation

حينئذٍ، حقًّا، يا (أيتها النهر)، كان آلُ بهاراتا يعبرونك طلبًا لقطعان البقر المتلألئة—والجمعُ السائرُ مدفوعٌ بقوةِ إندرا—فليَندفعِ الحافزُ اندفاعًا، مُصاغًا كتيارٍ مُطلِقٍ جارٍ. ولكِ أختارُ نعمةَ حُسنِ الرأي من أهلِ اليَجْنَيا (القرابين).

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Word by Word

• यत्: when; that (which)
• यत्: Adhikaraṇa (kāla/viṣaya) (clausal connector)
• Type: Indeclinable (relative) / Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• अङ्ग: indeed; surely
• अङ्ग: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अङ्ग (nipāta)

• त्वा: you (as object)
• त्वा: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (sarvanāma)

• भरताः: the bearers; the carriers (i.e., those who carry/bring)
• भरताः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (agent) / Adjective
• Root: √भृ (भरति) / bharatā́- (agent noun from √भृ)

• संतरेयुः: might cross over
• संतरेयुः: Kriyā (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्+√तॄ (तॄ/तॢ) 'to cross'

• गव्यन्: seeking cattle; cattle-desiring
• गव्यन्: Viśeṣaṇa (of kartā)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गव्य- (from गो 'cow' + -य) / gavyá-

• ग्रामः: the troop; host; band
• ग्रामः: Kartā (of implied action with crossing/going)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्राम-

• इषितः: impelled; urged on
• इषितः: Viśeṣaṇa (of kartā)
• Type: Participle (past passive)
• Root: √इष् 'to impel' (ppp iṣitá-) / also √इष् 'to desire' in some contexts

• इन्द्रजूतः: driven/urged by Indra
• इन्द्रजूतः: Viśeṣaṇa (of kartā)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: इन्द्र- + जूत- (ppp from √जु/√जू 'to impel, hasten'; 'driven')

• अर्षात्: rushed; streamed forth
• अर्षात्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ऋष्/√अर्ष् (arṣ-) 'to flow, rush, move swiftly'

• अह: indeed; then
• अह: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अह (nipāta)

• प्रसवः: the impulse; the instigation; the onset
• प्रसवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रसव- (pra- + √सू 'to beget/impel' → 'impulse, instigation, onset')

• सर्गतक्तः: fashioned/constructed as a surge/stream; well-formed for the onrush
• सर्गतक्तः: Viśeṣaṇa (of kartā)
• Type: Adjective (compound participial)
• Root: सर्ग- + तक्त- (ppp from √तक्ष् 'to fashion, construct')

• आ: towards; unto
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (preverb/particle)

• वः: for you (pl.)
• वः: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (sarvanāma)

• वृणे: I choose
• वृणे: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृ (वृणोति/वृणुते) 'to choose'

• सुमतिम्: good thought; favor; benevolence
• सुमतिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सु- + मति-

• यज्ञियानाम्: of the worshipful/ritual-worthy (ones)
• यज्ञियानाम्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (genitive relation to सुमतिम्)
• Type: Adjective used substantively
• Root: यज्ञिय- (from यज्ञ 'sacrifice' + -इय) 'worthy of sacrifice/ritual'