Rig Veda 2.24.5: Mandala 2, Sukta 24, Mantra 5

Sukta 2.24

Rishi: Gṛtsamada

Devata: Brahmaṇaspati

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; needs verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

सना ता का चिद्भुवना भवीत्वा माद्भिः शरद्भिर्दुरो वरन्त वः । अयतन्ता चरतो अन्यदन्यदिद्या चकार वयुना ब्रह्मणस्पतिः ॥

Transliteration

sanā́ tā́ kā́ cid bhúvanā bhávītvā mā́dbhiḥ śarádbhir dúro varanta vaḥ | áyatantā carato anyád anyád íd yā́ cakā́ra vayúnā bráhmaṇas pátiḥ ||

Translation

منذ القِدَم، إذ صارت العوالمُ في كينونتها، أُغلِقت الأبوابُ في وجوهكم عبر الفصول. كانوا يسيرون على أنحاءٍ شتّى، كلٌّ في مساره؛ فصنعَ براهماṇاسپتي التمييزَ السديد، ورتّبَ التدابيرَ والسنن (vayunā).

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Word by Word

• सना: from of old, ever
• सना: Adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सना (avyaya-prātipadika)

• ताः: those (fem. pl.)
• ताः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• का: some (one)
• का: Kartā (within relative/indef. clause)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (interrog./indef. pronoun)

• चित्: indeed, even
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (particle)

• भुवनानि: worlds, beings/realms
• भुवनानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भुवन (prātipadika < √भू)

• भवीत्वा: having become
• भवीत्वा: — (क्रियाविशेषण; पूर्वकर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (भवति) → भवीत्वा

• मात्: from me / of me
• मात्: Apādāna/Relation (source/‘from me’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: मा (1st pers. pronoun stem)

• भिः: indeed; (enclitic emphasis)
• भिः: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भि (enclitic particle, Vedic)

• शरद्भिः: with/through the autumns; by years
• शरद्भिः: Karaṇa (काल-पर्यायेन साधनम्) / Adhikaraṇa (काल)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शरद् (prātipadika)

• दुरः: doors, gates
• दुरः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्/द्वार् (prātipadika; RV ‘दुरः’ = ‘द्वाराणि’)

• वरन्त: they choose / they ward off
• वरन्त: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृ (वृणोति/वृणुते) ‘to choose, to ward/cover’

• वः: for you / of you
• वः: Sampradāna/Relation
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (2nd pers. pronoun)

• अयतन्त: they strove, exerted themselves
• अयतन्त: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √यत् (यतते) ‘to strive, exert’

• चरतो: the two moving ones; going about
• चरतो: Kartā (participial)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √चर् (चरति)

• अन्यत्: one (thing), another
• अन्यत्: Karma/Predicate
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: अन्य (prātipadika)

• अन्यत्: another (thing)
• अन्यत्: Karma/Predicate
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: अन्य (prātipadika)

• इद्: just, indeed
• इद्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इद् (particle)

• या: which
• या: Kartā (relative clause)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (relative pronoun)

• चकार: has done, made
• चकार: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (करोति)

• वयुना: devices, ordinances, wise arrangements
• वयुना: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वयुन (prātipadika)

• ब्रह्मणस्पतिः: Brahmaṇaspati (Lord of sacred utterance/prayer)
• ब्रह्मणस्पतिः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (deity name)
• Root: ब्रह्मन् + पति (tatpuruṣa)