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Rig Veda 10.44.6: Mandala 10, Sukta 44, Mantra 6

Sukta 10.44

Devata: Indra hymn-context; verse shifts to exemplum of pioneers vs. unfit (didactic within the hymn)
Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; needs metrical confirmation)

पृथक्प्रायन्प्रथमा देवहूतयोऽकृण्वत श्रवस्यानि दुष्टरा । न ये शेकुर्यज्ञियां नावमारुहमीर्मैव ते न्यविशन्त केपयः ॥

pṛthák prā́yan prathamā́ devá-hūtayo 'kṛṇvata śravasyā́ni duṣṭárā | ná ye śékury yajñíyāṃ nā́vam ā́ruham ī́rmā́iva te ny àviśanta képayāḥ ||

مضَوا متفرّقين—الأوّلون الذين دعتهم الآلهة—فأنجزوا أعمالَ مجدٍ عسيرةَ المُجاوزة. أمّا الذين لم يقدروا أن يركبوا سفينةَ اليَجْنَا، أولئك الضعفاءُ الهمّة، فقد غاصوا إلى أسفل ودخلوا السَّيْلَ الذي تحت.

पृथक्separately, apart
पृथक्:
Adhikaraṇa (रीत्या/प्रकारेण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृथक् (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
प्रायन्they went forth
प्रायन्:
Kriyā (गमनक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√या (इ/या गतौ) + प्र-
प्रथमाfirst
प्रथमा:
Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)
देवहूतयःthe god-invocations / calls to the gods
देवहूतयः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootदेव-हूति (प्रातिपदिक; ‘देव’ + ‘हूति’ < √ह्वा/√हू ‘आह्वाने/हवने’)
अकृण्वतthey made, they fashioned
अकृण्वत:
Kriyā (करणक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√कृ (करणे)
श्रवस्यानिglories, fame-winning deeds
श्रवस्यानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्रवस्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘श्रवस्’ यशः/कीर्तिः + -य)
दुष्टराःhard to surpass / difficult to overcome
दुष्टराः:
Karma (विशेषणरूपेण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्टर (प्रातिपदिक; दुर्- + √तॄ ‘तरति’ → ‘hard to cross/overcome’)
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निषेध-अव्यय)
येwho (those who)
ये:
Kartā (शेकुः इत्यस्य)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
शेकुःwere able
शेकुः:
Kriyā (शक्तिक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√शक् (शक्तौ)
यज्ञियम्sacrificial, worthy of worship
यज्ञियम्:
Karma (विशेषणरूपेण)
TypeAdjective
Rootयज्ञिय (प्रातिपदिक; ‘fit for sacrifice/worship’)
नावम्boat, ship
नावम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनौ/नाव् (प्रातिपदिक)
आरुहम्to mount, to board
आरुहम्:
Prayojana (उद्देश्य/अर्थे)
TypeVerb
Root√रुह् (आरोहे) + आ-
ईर्मैवjust the rush/impulse itself
ईर्मैव:
Kartā/Hetu (वाक्ये ‘just the onset/impulse’ इत्यर्थे)
TypeNoun+Particle
Rootईर्म (प्रातिपदिक; ‘impulse/drive, onset’; RV-विशेष) + एव (अव्यय)
तेthey
ते:
Kartā (अविशन्त इत्यस्य)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
निdown, into
नि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
अविशन्तthey entered, they sank into
अविशन्त:
Kriyā (प्रवेशक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√विश् (प्रवेशने) + अव-
केपयःthe Kepayas (trembling ones / hostile beings)
केपयः:
Kartā (अविशन्त इत्यस्य; अथवा ‘ते’ कर्ता, ‘केपयः’ अपपद/सम्बोधन-सम्बन्धः—पाठभेदानुसारम्)
TypeNoun
Rootकेपय (प्रातिपदिक; RV-विशेष, ‘tremblers/agitators’, ‘monsters/demons’ इत्यर्थे व्याख्येयम्)

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