Rig Veda 1.11.3 — Mandala 1, Sukta 11, Mantra 3
Sukta 1.11
Rishi: Madhucchandas Vaiśvāmitra
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
पूर्वीरिन्द्रस्य रातयो न वि दस्यन्त्यूतयः । यदी वाजस्य गोमतः स्तोतृभ्यो मंहते मघम् ॥
Transliteration
pūrvī́r indrasya rātáyo ná ví dasyanty ūtáyaḥ | yadī́ vā́jasya gó-mataḥ stotṛ́bhyo maṃháte mágham ||
Translation
إنّ عطايا إندرا القديمة ومعونته لا تخيب. فإذا منحَ المنشدين magha (السخاء)، كانت وفرةً من الـvāja، غنيّةً بالأشعّة—كأنّها أبقارُ المعرفة.
Word by Word
पूर्वीःmany, numerous (former/previous)
पूर्वीः:
कर्तृ (विषयः) — ‘(they) many/former’ qualifying रायतयः
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *per- ‘before’
इन्द्रस्यof Indra
इन्द्रस्य:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — of Indra
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
रातयःgifts, bounties
रातयः:
कर्तृ — subject of ‘न … दस्यन्ति’
TypeNoun
Rootराति (प्रातिपदिक; from √रा/√रद् ‘to give’ in Vedic sense ‘gift, giving’)
नnot
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
विapart, away; (intensifier with verb)
वि:
—
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootवि
दस्यन्ति(they) fail / are lacking
दस्यन्ति:
क्रिया — ‘do not fail/are not lacking’
TypeVerb
Root√दस्/दस्य् (Vedic) ‘to fail, be wanting; to be deficient/withhold’
ऊतयःhelps, protections
ऊतयः:
कर्तृ (समनाधिकरण/अपादान-भावे) — ‘helps’ in apposition/parallel with रायतयः
TypeNoun
Rootऊति (प्रातिपदिक; from √अव्/√ऊ ‘to help, protect’)
यदीwhen/if
यदी:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
वाजस्यof the prize (strength, booty)
वाजस्य:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — of prize/strength
TypeNoun
Rootवाज (प्रातिपदिक)
गोमतःrich in cows, cattle-possessing
गोमतः:
विशेषण-सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — qualifying वाजस्य
TypeAdjective
Rootगोमत् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘possessing cows/wealth’)
स्तोतृभ्यःto the praisers
स्तोतृभ्यः:
सम्प्रदान — to/for the praisers
TypeNoun
Rootस्तोतृ (प्रातिपदिक; agent noun from √स्तु ‘to praise’)
मंहते(he) bestows, grants
मंहते:
क्रिया — ‘bestows’ (subject understood: इन्द्रः)
TypeVerb
Root√मंह्/महि (Vedic) ‘to grant, bestow; be bountiful’
मघम्bounty, gift
मघम्:
कर्म — what is bestowed
TypeNoun
Rootमघ (प्रातिपदिक; ‘gift, bounty, wealth’)
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