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Shloka 18

शूर्पणखाविरूपणम्

The Disfigurement of Śūrpaṇakhā

तां मृत्युपाशप्रतिमामापतन्तीं महाबलः।निगृह्य रामः कुपित स्ततो लक्ष्मणमब्रवीत्।।।।

tāṃ mṛtyupāśapratimām āpatantīṃ mahābalaḥ |

nigṛhya rāmaḥ kupitas tato lakṣmaṇam abravīt ||

فأمسكها راما العظيمُ البأس، وهو غضبان، إذ اندفعت كأنها حبلُ الموت نفسه، ثم خاطب لكشمانا.

tāmher
tām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (तद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (f.), Dvitīyā (Acc/2nd), Ekavacana; pronoun
mṛtyupāśapratimāmlike death’s noose
mṛtyupāśapratimām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootmṛtyupāśapratimā (प्रातिपदिक) = mṛtyu + pāśa + pratimā
FormStrīliṅga (f.), Dvitīyā (Acc/2nd), Ekavacana; adjective to tām: 'like the noose of death'
āpatantīmrushing/falling upon
āpatantīm:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeVerb
Rootāpat (आपत् धातु)
FormŚatṛ-pratyaya present active participle (वर्तमानकाले शतृ), Strīliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; 'falling/charging towards'
mahābalaḥthe mighty one
mahābalaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahābala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā (Nom/1st), Ekavacana; used substantively for Rāma; karmadhāraya: 'mahān balaṃ yasya' (as adjective)
nigṛhyahaving restrained
nigṛhya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
TypeVerb
Rootgrah (ग्रह् धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्/क्त्वा-arthī), with upasarga ni-; 'having restrained/seized'
rāmaḥRāma
rāmaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrāma (राम प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā (Nom/1st), Ekavacana
kupitaḥenraged
kupitaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootkupita (कुपित प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; predicate adjective to rāmaḥ
tataḥthen/thereafter
tataḥ:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरणम्)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottataḥ (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, adverb of sequence (ततः = thereafter)
lakṣmaṇamto Lakṣmaṇa
lakṣmaṇam:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदानम्)
TypeNoun
Rootlakṣmaṇa (लक्ष्मण प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (Acc/2nd), Ekavacana
abravītsaid
abravīt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbrū (ब्रू धातु)
FormLaṅ lakāra (Imperfect), Prathama puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; 'said'

Mighty Rama in a rage restrained her who was falling upon Sita like the noose of death, and said to Lakshmana:

R
Rāma
L
Lakṣmaṇa
Ś
Śūrpaṇakhā
S
Sītā (implied by context)

FAQs

Protection of the innocent is a primary duty: Rāma restrains imminent violence and acts first to prevent harm, showing that force is subordinate to righteous protection.

Śūrpaṇakhā lunges toward Sītā in a murderous rage; Rāma stops her and turns to instruct Lakṣmaṇa on what to do next.

Rāma’s guardianship and moral control: even while angry, he prioritizes immediate protection and then gives measured direction.