Shloka 20

Kārttika-vrata Discipline: Purity Rules, Morning Bath Saṅkalpa, Tilaka Injunctions, and Food Prohibitions

Devanagari script

द्विजक्रीता रसाः सर्वे जलं चाल्पसरः स्थितम् । ब्रह्मचर्यं तुर्यकाले पत्रावल्यां च भोजनम्

Transliteration

dvijakrītā rasāḥ sarve jalaṃ cālpasaraḥ sthitam | brahmacaryaṃ turyakāle patrāvalyāṃ ca bhojanam

Translation

كل السوائل ذات الطعم تُنال بواسطة برهمن؛ والماء لا يُؤخذ إلا من غديرٍ صغيرٍ محدود. وليُحفظ البراهماتشاريا (العفّة)، وليُؤكل في الربع الرابع من النهار، وليكن الطعام على صحنٍ من أوراق.

Word by Word

• dvijakrītāḥ: bought by a brāhmaṇa
• dvijakrītāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dvija (प्रातिपदिक) + krīta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Bahuvacana (Plural/बहुवचन), Puṃ-liṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग); tatpuruṣa: dvija-krīta = "bought by a brāhmaṇa"; qualifies rasāḥ

• rasāḥ: juices/liquids
• rasāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Bahuvacana (Plural/बहुवचन), Puṃ-liṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग)

• sarve: all
• sarve: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Bahuvacana (Plural/बहुवचन), Puṃ-liṅga; agrees with rasāḥ

• jalam: water
• jalam: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Prathamā/Dvitīyā vibhakti (1st/2nd), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन), Napuṃsaka-liṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग); subject with implied "(asti)"

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta (conjunction/समुच्चय-निपात): "and"

• alpasaraḥ: a small pond
• alpasaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: alpa (प्रातिपदिक) + saras (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन), Napuṃsaka-liṅga; karmadhāraya: alpa-saras = "small pond"

• sthitam: situated/standing
• sthitam: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicative participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sthā (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/kta), Prathamā, Ekavacana, Napuṃsaka-liṅga; agrees with alpasaraḥ; sense: "is situated/standing"

• brahmacaryam: celibacy (brahmacarya)
• brahmacaryam: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: brahmacarya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Prathamā/Dvitīyā vibhakti (1st/2nd), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन), Napuṃsaka-liṅga; item in a list (with implied "(asti)"/"(kartavyam)")

• turyakāle: at the fourth time/period
• turyakāle: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Time-location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: turya (प्रातिपदिक) + kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Saptamī vibhakti (7th/सप्तमी), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन), Puṃ-liṅga; tatpuruṣa: turya-kāla = "the fourth time/period"; locative: "at the fourth time"

• patrāvalyām: on a leaf-plate
• patrāvalyām: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: patrāvalī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Saptamī vibhakti (7th/सप्तमी), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन), Strī-liṅga (Feminine/स्त्रीलिङ्ग); locative: "on a leaf-plate/leaf arrangement"

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta (conjunction/समुच्चय-निपात): "and"

• bhojanam: food/eating
• bhojanam: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhojana (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Prathamā/Dvitīyā vibhakti (1st/2nd), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन), Napuṃsaka-liṅga; item in list ("food/eating")

Speaker

Unspecified (context-dependent instruction within Brahma-khaṇḍa narration)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: cālpasaraḥ = ca + alpasaraḥ

Characters & Entities

• dvija (brāhmaṇa)

FAQs

What practices are prescribed in this verse?

It prescribes conduct associated with disciplined living: sourcing certain liquids via a brāhmaṇa, restricting one’s water source, observing brahmacarya (continence), eating at an appointed time (the fourth division of the day), and eating on leaf-plates.

What does “turya-kāla” mean here?

Turya-kāla literally means “the fourth time/quarter.” In vrata-style instructions it commonly indicates a regulated time-window for eating, emphasizing restraint and routine rather than constant or indulgent eating.

What is the ethical lesson emphasized by these rules?

The verse emphasizes self-control (in sexuality, consumption, and routine), simplicity in food practice (leaf-plates), and regulated resource-use (water), framing restraint as a form of dharmic discipline.