Prāyaścitta for Mahāpātakas and the Sin-destroying Power of Viṣṇu-smaraṇa
संवत्सरं त्रयं वेश्यं शूर्द्रं हत्वा तु वत्सरम् । दीक्षितस्य स्त्रियं हत्वा ब्राह्मणी चाष्टवत्सरान् ॥ २१ ॥
saṃvatsaraṃ trayaṃ veśyaṃ śūrdraṃ hatvā tu vatsaram | dīkṣitasya striyaṃ hatvā brāhmaṇī cāṣṭavatsarān || 21 ||
في قتل الفيشيا (Vaiśya) تُفرض توبة ثلاث سنين، وفي قتل الشودرَة (Śūdra) تُفرض سنة واحدة. ومن قتل زوجةَ رجلٍ مُتلقّي الديكشا (dīkṣita) فعليه ثماني سنين، وكذلك من قتل براهمنية (brāhmaṇī) فعليه ثماني سنين.
Sanatkumara (in instruction to Narada on Dharma and prāyaścitta)
Vrata: none
Primary Rasa: shanta
Secondary Rasa: karuna
It frames prāyaścitta as a dhārmic mechanism for moral repair—stating that grave harm demands sustained austerity, restraint, and ritual purification proportionate to the offense.
While primarily legal-ritual, it indirectly supports bhakti by emphasizing inner and outer purification; sustained penance prepares the mind for sattva, making Vishnu-bhakti and disciplined worship steadier.
Kalpa (ritual procedure) is implied: the verse gives time-measures for penance as part of dharma-śāstric ritual regulation, guiding how expiatory observances are structured.