Shloka 37

Adhyaya 81 — Suratha and Samadhi Seek Sage Medhas; Introduction to Mahamaya and the Madhukaitabha Origin Account

Sanskrit

ज्ञानं च तन्मनुष्याणां यत्तेषां मृगृपक्षिणाम् ।

मनुष्याणां च यत्तेषां तुल्यमन्यत्तथोभयोः ॥

Transliteration

jñānaṃ ca tan manuṣyāṇāṃ yat teṣāṃ mṛgṛ-pakṣiṇām / manuṣyāṇāṃ ca yat teṣāṃ tulyam anyat tathobhayoḥ

Translation

«بعض ما لدى البشر من معرفة هو بعينه ما لدى الوحوش والطيور؛ وبعض ما لدى تلك المخلوقات من معرفة هو بعينه ما لدى البشر. غير أن معارف أخرى تختلف عن كليهما.»

Word by Word

• jñānam: knowledge
• jñānam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jñāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd—प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• tat-manuṣyāṇām: of those humans
• tat-manuṣyāṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad + manuṣya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th—षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘of those humans’

• yat: which/that (relative)
• yat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd—प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); relative pronoun

• teṣām: of them
• teṣām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th—षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• mṛga-pakṣiṇām: of beasts and birds
• mṛga-pakṣiṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mṛga + pakṣin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th—षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन); इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व: ‘of beasts and birds’

• manuṣyāṇām: of humans
• manuṣyāṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manuṣya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th—षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• yat: which/that (relative)
• yat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd—प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); relative pronoun

• teṣām: of them
• teṣām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th—षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• tulyam: equal/same
• tulyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tulya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd—प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); predicative adjective

• anyat: another (thing)
• anyat: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd—प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• ubhayoḥ: of both
• ubhayoḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ubhaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th—षष्ठी), Dual (द्विवचन)

Speakers

• Ṛṣi speaking

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Shakti Aspects

• Mahāmāyā (implicit: comparative cognitive capacities)

Key Themes

• Comparative cognition
• Continuity and difference
• Māyā and embodiment

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Cognition is partly shared (basic drives, learning, fear, care) and partly specialized; therefore, moral responsibility includes understanding common sentience while acknowledging different capacities.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Upadeśa within the Māhātmya’s discourse; it is not a sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita unit.

What is the esoteric significance?

It points to graded manifestation of buddhi according to embodiment. The ‘same and different’ pattern echoes sāṃkhya-like analysis: guṇas configure cognition, producing overlap and divergence.