Shloka 23

Adhyaya 77 — Sanjna’s Withdrawal from Surya: The Birth of Yama and Yamuna, and the Emergence of Chhaya

Sanskrit

सूर्यतापमनिच्छन्ती तेजसस्तस्य बिभ्यती ।

तपश्चचारा तत्रापि वडवारूपधारिणी ॥

Transliteration

sūryatāpam anicchantī tejasas tasya bibhyatī / tapaś cacāra tatrāpi vaḍavārūpadhāriṇī

Translation

ولما كانت لا ترغب في حرارة الشمس المحرقة وتخشى إشعاعه، مارست هناك أيضًا التقشّف والنسك—متخذة هيئة فرسٍ أنثى.

Word by Word

• सूर्यतापम्: the sun’s heat
• सूर्यतापम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य + ताप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (सूर्यस्य तापः); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्म

• अनिच्छन्ती: not desiring
• अनिच्छन्ती: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: न + इष्/इच्छ् (धातु) → इच्छन्त् (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/शानच्-प्रत्यय; present active participle) ‘इच्छन्ती’; न-उपसर्गेण निषेध; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (of she)

• तेजसः: of the radiance
• तेजसः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तेजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; सम्बन्ध

• तस्य: of him/that (sun)
• तस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी, एकवचन; सम्बन्ध (referring to सूर्य)

• बिभ्यती: fearing
• बिभ्यती: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भी (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ; present active participle) ‘बिभ्यती’; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तृ-विशेषण (she, fearing)

• तपः: austerity/penance
• तपः: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्म

• चकार: did/performed
• चकार: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Desha-adhikarana (देशाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक अव्यय (locative adverb)

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपेक्षार्थक अव्यय (also/even)

• वडवारूपधारिणी: bearing the form of a mare
• वडवारूपधारिणी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वडवा + रूप + धारिणी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (वडवायाः रूपम्; तद् धारयति इति); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (of she)

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya narrating

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Saṃjñā (in mare-form)
• Sūrya

Key Themes

• Tapas
• Transformation
• Managing divine energy (tejas)
• Mythic motif: Vaḍavā-rūpa

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Even divine brilliance can be unbearable without right ‘capacity’; one may need discipline (tapas) and adaptation to relate to overwhelming power.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Mythic biography (vaṃśānucarita-like) connected to solar mythology; not a direct manvantara or sarga passage.

What is the esoteric significance?

Sūrya’s tejas can symbolize intense spiritual realization; the mare-form suggests a protective embodiment—channeling and containing energy so austerity can proceed without being ‘burned’ by excess.