Shloka 57

Adhyaya 7 — Harishchandra Tested by Vishvamitra: The Gift of the Kingdom and the Pandava Curse-Backstory

Sanskrit

विश्वामित्रोऽपि तं दृष्ट्वा पौरवाक्याकुलीकृतम् ।

रोषमर्षविवृत्ताक्षः समागम्य वचोऽब्रवीत् ॥

Transliteration

viśvāmitro 'pi taṃ dṛṣṭvā pauravākyākulīkṛtam /

roṣamarṣavivṛttākṣaḥ samāgamya vaco 'bravīt

Translation

ورأى فيشواميترا أيضًا أنه قد أُلقي في الحيرة بكلام الباورافا، فاقترب بعينين متسعتين من الغضب ونفاد الصبر، وتكلّم.

Word by Word

• विश्वामित्रः: Viśvāmitra
• विश्वामित्रः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viśvāmitra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• अपि: also, even
• अपि: Sambandha/Emphasis (सम्बन्ध/निपातार्थ)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle/indeclinable (निपात) = 'also/even'

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यबन्त), 'having seen'

• पौरवाक्य: citizens' words
• पौरवाक्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paura (प्रातिपदिक) + vākya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Stem in compound; in context qualifies next member; 'of the citizens' + 'speech/words'

• आकुलीकृतम्: made confused/agitated
• आकुलीकृतम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ākulī-kṛ (धातु: kṛ with उपसर्ग/प्रत्यय)
• Form: Past passive participle (कर्मणि क्त), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with implied/understood object (tam)

• रोष: anger
• रोष: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: roṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Stem form in compound

• मर्ष: impatience/indignation
• मर्ष: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: marṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Stem form in compound

• विवृत्त: rolled/turned
• विवृत्त: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-vṛt (धातु)
• Form: Past participle (क्त), Stem form in compound; 'turned/rolled'

• अक्षः: eye
• अक्षः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: akṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); in bahuvrīhi compound as final member

• रोषमर्षविवृत्ताक्षः: having eyes rolled in anger and indignation
• रोषमर्षविवृत्ताक्षः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: roṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + marṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + vivṛtta (कृदन्त) + akṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); bahuvrīhi = 'whose eyes are rolled with anger and indignation' (विशेषण of viśvāmitraḥ)

• समागम्य: having approached
• समागम्य: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ā-gam (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यबन्त), 'having approached/come together'

• वचः: words, speech
• वचः: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vacas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• अब्रवीत्: said, spoke
• अब्रवीत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: brū (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

Speakers

• Narrator describing Viśvāmitra’s reaction and impending speech (direct speaker in next line/verse: Viśvāmitra)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "raudra", "secondaryRasa": "vira", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Rishi–Kshatriya tension
• Honor and affront (amarṣa)
• Speech as a catalyst in dharmic conflict
• Escalation of narrative conflict

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse highlights how speech (vākya) can disturb mental equilibrium (ākulatā) and provoke krodha/amarṣa. Ethically, it foreshadows the danger of reacting from wounded pride or impatience; restraint in response is a recurring dharmic ideal even for powerful sages.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

This is primarily Ākhyāna/Upākhyāna (narrative episode) rather than a direct Pancalakṣaṇa element (sarga, pratisarga, vaṃśa, manvantara, vaṃśānucarita). It may serve as part of vaṃśānucarita if the surrounding passage is tracking a royal lineage (Paurava) and its interactions, but the verse itself is a scene-setting narrative transition.

What is the esoteric significance?

Symbolically, Viśvāmitra’s ‘widened eyes’ under roṣa-amarṣa depict the outward surge of rājasic energy when the mind is unsettled by external words. The approach (samāgamya) before speaking suggests the inevitability of karmic consequence once inner agitation becomes outward action—speech and intention crystallize into fate within Purāṇic storytelling.