Shloka 16

Adhyaya 65 — Svarocis Enjoys on the Mountain; A Debate on Marital Fidelity and Desire

Sanskrit

एतासाञ्च यदीष्टोऽयं तत्किं प्राणान्न मुञ्चति ।

आलिङ्गत्यपरां कान्तां ध्यातो वै कान्तयाऽन्यया ॥

Transliteration

etāsāñ ca yadiṣṭo 'yaṃ tat kiṃ prāṇān na muñcati |

āliṅgaty aparāṃ kāntāṃ dhyāto vai kāntayā 'nyayā ||

Translation

لو كنّ يشتهينه حقًّا، فلماذا لا يبذل حياته (لإحداهنّ)؟ بل إنه، وهو في عناقِ حبيبةٍ واحدة، يكون حقًّا في خاطرِ حبيبةٍ أخرى.

Word by Word

• etāsām: of these (women)
• etāsām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Gen.), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• yadi: if
• yadi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/condition)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yadi (अव्यय)
• Form: शर्त-प्रदर्शक अव्यय (conditional particle)

• iṣṭaḥ: dear/beloved
• iṣṭaḥ: Pradhāna-viśeṣaṇa (प्रधाना-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: iṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक; √iṣ (धातु) से क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle) अर्थे 'प्रिय/इष्ट'

• ayam: this (man)
• ayam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• tat: then/that being so
• tat: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/correlative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: निपात-प्रयोग (correlative particle)

• kim: why?
• kim: Hetu (हेतु/why)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम

• prāṇān: life-breaths/life
• prāṇān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Acc.), बहुवचन

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• muñcati: releases/gives up
• muñcati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √muc (मुच् धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• āliṅgati: embraces
• āliṅgati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√liṅg (आलिङ्ग्/लिङ्ग् धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• aparām: another/other
• aparām: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: apara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Acc.), एकवचन; विशेषण

• kāntām: beloved woman
• kāntām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāntā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Acc.), एकवचन

• dhyātaḥ: is meditated on/remembered
• dhyātaḥ: Pradhāna (प्रधाना/predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dhyāta (प्रातिपदिक; √dhyai (ध्यै धातु) से क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP)

• vai: indeed
• vai: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vai (अव्यय)
• Form: निश्चयार्थक निपात (emphatic particle)

• kāntayā: by (a) beloved (woman)
• kāntayā: Karta (कर्ता/agent in passive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāntā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instr.), एकवचन

• anyayā: another
• anyayā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instr.), एकवचन; विशेषण

Speakers

• Didactic narrator within the Dharmapakṣī discourse (exact speaker not named in provided verses)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Psychology of desire
• Inconstancy
• Attachment

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse exposes divided attention: sensuality multiplies craving and erodes fidelity. True love is single-pointed; lust is restless and comparative.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Falls outside formal pañcalakṣaṇa categories; it is ethical instruction (nīti/ācāra) within a narrative frame.

What is the esoteric significance?

Being ‘embraced by one while remembered by another’ symbolizes the mind’s inability to rest in one object; yogically, it is the scattering (vikṣepa) that obstructs steadiness (ekāgratā).