Shloka 4

Adhyaya 48 — The Emanation of Beings from Brahma: Night, Day, Twilight, and the Orders of Creation

Sanskrit

ततो देवासुरान् पितॄन् मानुषांश्च चतुष्टयम् ।

सिसृक्षुरम्भांस्येतानि स्वमात्मानमयूयुजत् ॥

Transliteration

tato devāsurān pitṝn mānuṣāṃś ca catuṣṭayam |

sisṛkṣur ambhāṃsy etāni svam ātmānam ayūyujat ||

Translation

ثم إنه، راغبًا في خلق الفِرَق الأربع—الآلهة، والأسورا، والپِتْرِ (أرواح الأسلاف)، والبشر—أشرك براجابتي ذاته في ذلك الفعل وكرّسها له.

Word by Word

• ततः: then/thereupon
• ततः: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; तस्मात्-आर्थक (ablatival adverb)

• देव-असुरान्: gods and asuras
• देव-असुरान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक) + असुर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• पितॄन्: the Pitṛs (manes)
• पितॄन्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• मानुषान्: humans
• मानुषान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानुष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• चतुष्टयम्: the group of four
• चतुष्टयम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चतुष्टय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समूहवाचक (a set of four)

• सिसृक्षुः: wishing to create
• सिसृक्षुः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सृज् (धातु) + सन् (desiderative) → सिसृक्षु (कृदन्त, उ)
• Form: सन्नन्त-धातुजन्य ‘सिसृक्षु’ (desiderative adjectival form), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्तरि (one wishing to create)

• अम्भांसि: waters
• अम्भांसि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अम्भस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• एतानि: these
• एतानि: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम; विशेषण

• स्वम्: his own
• स्वम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्व (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण

• आत्मानम्: self
• आत्मानम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• अयूयुजत्: joined/connected (them)
• अयूयुजत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: युज् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; पुनरुक्त-आगम (reduplicated aoristic/imperf. stem)

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya speaking

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Brahmā
• Prajāpati

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Sarga
• Fourfold social/cosmic classes
• Intentional creation

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The cosmos is portrayed as arising from deliberate, purposive agency (Prajāpati’s resolve), not mere accident—supporting a teleological view of order (ṛta/dharma).

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Sarga: the narrative specifies the intended differentiation into four key classes of beings.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Yoking the self’ hints that creation is a self-modification of the creator principle: multiplicity emerges through self-engagement rather than from an external material.