Adhyaya 48 — The Emanation of Beings from Brahma: Night, Day, Twilight, and the Orders of Creation
ज्योत्स्ना सन्ध्या तथैवाह—सत्त्वमात्रात्मकं त्रयम् ।
तमोमात्रात्मिका रात्रिः सा वै तस्मात् त्रियामिका ॥
jyotsnā sandhyā tathaivāha—sattva-mātrātmakaṃ trayam / tamo-mātrātmikā rātriḥ sā vai tasmāt triyāmikā
إن ضياء القمر والشفق، وكذلك (النهار)، يُقال إنها مؤلَّفة في الغالب من ساتفا (sattva)—وهي ثلاثة. أمّا الليل فمؤلَّف في الغالب من تامس (tamas)؛ ولذلك يُسمّى «تريياما» (triyāmā)، أي الحراسات الثلاث.
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Activities align with guṇa-dominance: sattva-associated periods (day/twilight/moonlit clarity) are traditionally favored for study, worship, and discernment; tamas-associated night supports rest and withdrawal, warning against heedless action.
Sarga with a guṇa-hermeneutic: the created temporal states are classified by prakṛti’s qualities.
The verse maps inner psychology onto cosmic time: ‘night’ as tamas mirrors ignorance/sleep, while sandhyā/jyotsnā point to transitional lucidity—useful for meditative thresholds.