Shloka 13

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

तद्वत् पापनिषेधार्थं धर्मः कार्यो विपश्चिता ।

परत्रार्थं तथैवान्यः काम्योऽत्रैव फलप्रदः ॥

Transliteration

tadvat pāpaniṣedhārthaṃ dharmaḥ kāryo vipaścitā | paratrārthaṃ tathaivānyaḥ kāmyo 'traiva phalapradaḥ ||

Translation

وكذلك ينبغي للحكيم أن يمارس الدارما لكبح الإثم. وهناك نوعٌ آخر من الدارما لأجل العالم الآتي؛ أمّا الدارما الكامْيَة (المحفَّزة بالرغبة) فتؤتي ثمرتها في هذا العالم نفسه.

Word by Word

• तद्वत्: likewise, in that manner
• तद्वत्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadvat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (Avyaya), उपमानार्थक-निपात (comparative particle)

• पाप-निषेध-अर्थम्: for the purpose of restraining sin
• पाप-निषेध-अर्थम्: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/उद्देश्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāpa (प्रातिपदिक) + niṣedha (प्रातिपदिक) + artha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म/उद्देश्य), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (षष्ठी/सम्बन्ध: पापस्य निषेधः, तस्य अर्थः)

• धर्मः: dharma, righteous duty
• धर्मः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• कार्यः: to be done, should be performed
• कार्यः: Vidhi (विधेय/आज्ञार्थ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛ (धातु) + ya (कृत् प्रत्यय) → kārya (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृदन्त (भाव्य/कर्तव्य), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण (predicate adjective)

• विपश्चिता: by the wise (person)
• विपश्चिता: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vipaścit (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; साधन/कर्तृ-विशेषणार्थे (by the wise person)

• परत्र-अर्थम्: for the sake of the hereafter
• परत्र-अर्थम्: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/उद्देश्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paratra (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + artha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (परत्र = परलोके, तस्य अर्थः)

• तथा: thus, in the same way
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• एव: indeed, just
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अवधारण-निपात (emphatic particle)

• अन्यः: another (kind)
• अन्यः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying kāmyaḥ)

• काम्यः: a desire-motivated (rite/action)
• काम्यः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāmya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; काम्यकर्म/काम्यधर्म-रूपः (desire-motivated act)

• अत्र: here (in this world)
• अत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atra (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, देश/कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (locative adverb)

• एव: only, indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अवधारण-निपात

• फल-प्रदः: fruit-giving, bestowing results
• फल-प्रदः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: phala (प्रातिपदिक) + prada (प्रातिपदिक; √dā दा with pra- + कृत्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (फलम् प्रददाति इति)

Speakers

• Didactic voice; classificatory teaching

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma typology
• Nishiddha vs. prescribed restraint
• Kāmya karma
• Trivarga balance

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma is presented with layered purposes: (1) preventing moral downfall (pāpa-niṣedha), (2) securing post-mortem welfare (paratra), while kāmya acts are acknowledged as yielding worldly results—yet are to be handled within dharmic bounds.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

A dharma-analytic passage; not pañcalakṣaṇa narrative content.

What is the esoteric significance?

It distinguishes action driven by purification/restraint from action driven by desire—hinting at an inner hierarchy where reducing pāpa is closer to liberation-oriented clarity than fruit-seeking rites.