Shloka 1

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

इति श्रीमार्कण्डेयपुराणे काम्यश्राद्धफलाकथनं नाम त्रयस्त्रिंशोऽध्यायः । चतुस्त्रिंशोऽध्यायः । मदालसोवाच एवम् पुत्र ! गृहस्थेन देवताः पितरस्तथा । संपूज्या हव्यकव्याभ्यामन्नेनातिथिबान्धवाः ॥

Transliteration

iti śrīmārkaṇḍeyapurāṇe kāmyaśrāddhaphalakathanaṃ nāma trayastriṃśo 'dhyāyaḥ | catuṣtriṃśo 'dhyāyaḥ | madālasovāca evam putra | gṛhasthena devatāḥ pitaras tathā | saṃpūjyā havyakavyābhyām annenātithibāndhavāḥ ||

Translation

وهكذا ينتهي الفصل الثالث والثلاثون المسمّى «بيان ثمار الشرادها ذات الغاية (kāmya-śrāddha)». والآن يبدأ الفصل الرابع والثلاثون. قالت مادالاسا: «إذن يا بُنيّ: ينبغي لربّ البيت أن يكرّم الآلهة على الوجه اللائق، وكذلك الأسلاف، بتقديم القرابين المخصّصة للآلهة (havis) وللآباء/الأسلاف (kavya)؛ وبالطعام يكرّم الضيوف وذوي القربى».

Word by Word

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle (iti-śabda/इति-शब्द)

• śrī-mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇe: in the Śrī Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa
• śrī-mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śrī + mārkaṇḍeya + purāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), Saptamī vibhakti (7th/सप्तमी), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa (name-title compound)

• kāmya-śrāddha-phala-kathanam: the narration of the fruits of optional śrāddha
• kāmya-śrāddha-phala-kathanam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāmya + śrāddha + phala + kathana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana; multi-member tatpuruṣa: kāmyasya śrāddhasya phalasya kathanam

• nāma: named
• nāma: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nāma (अव्यय)
• Form: Nāma-avyaya (designation marker/नाम-शब्दः)

• trayastriṃśaḥ: thirty-third
• trayastriṃśaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: trayastriṃśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā vibhakti (1st), Ekavacana; ordinal ‘thirty-third’ (dvigu numeral compound)

• adhyāyaḥ: chapter
• adhyāyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana

• catustriṃśaḥ: thirty-fourth
• catustriṃśaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: catustriṃśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā vibhakti (1st), Ekavacana; ordinal ‘thirty-fourth’ (dvigu numeral compound)

• adhyāyaḥ: chapter
• adhyāyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā vibhakti (1st), Ekavacana

• madālasaḥ: Madālasa
• madālasaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: madālasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana

• uvāca: said
• uvāca: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ-lakāra (perfect/लिट्), Prathama puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada

• evam: thus
• evam: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• putra: O son
• putra: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Sambodhana (vocative/सम्बोधन), Ekavacana

• gṛhasthena: by a householder
• gṛhasthena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gṛhastha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Tṛtīyā vibhakti (3rd/तृतीया), Ekavacana; instrumental

• devatāḥ: deities
• devatāḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: devatā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (f.), Prathamā vibhakti (1st), Bahuvacana (plural)

• pitaraḥ: ancestors
• pitaraḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā vibhakti (1st), Bahuvacana (plural)

• tathā: also
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb/connector (क्रियाविशेषण/समुच्चयार्थ)

• saṃpūjyāḥ: should be duly honored
• saṃpūjyāḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: saṃpūjya (कृदन्त; √pūj)
• Form: Kṛtya (gerundive/तव्यत्-प्रत्ययार्थ), Puṃliṅga (m.) Prathamā vibhakti, Bahuvacana; passive obligation: ‘to be worshipped’ (agrees with atithibāndhavāḥ)

• havya-kavyābhyām: with offerings to gods and ancestors
• havya-kavyābhyām: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: havya + kavya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), Tṛtīyā vibhakti (3rd), Dvivacana (dual); dvandva: havyaṃ ca kavyaṃ ca

• annena: with food
• annena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), Tṛtīyā vibhakti (3rd), Ekavacana; instrumental

• atithi-bāndhavāḥ: guests and relatives
• atithi-bāndhavāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: atithi + bāndhava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā vibhakti (1st), Bahuvacana; dvandva: atithayaḥ ca bāndhavāḥ ca

Speakers

• Madālasa → Alarka (instruction to her son)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Devas
• Pitṛs

Key Themes

• Gṛhastha-dharma
• Pañca-mahāyajña (implicit: deva/pitṛ/atithi obligations)
• Hospitality
• Ritual duty

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Householder life is sanctified by reciprocity: one sustains gods (through havis), ancestors (through kavya), and society (through feeding guests/kin). Dharma is portrayed as relational maintenance, not private piety alone.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/Dharma instruction; not a pancalakṣaṇa segment proper, but a normative layer commonly embedded in Purāṇic discourse.

What is the esoteric significance?

Havya and kavya represent two ‘streams’ of obligation—upward (to devas) and backward (to pitṛs). Balancing both is a symbolic balancing of future aspiration and ancestral continuity.