Shloka 35

Adhyaya 32 — Rules for Parvana Śrāddha: Foods that Please the Ancestors and Items to Avoid

Sanskrit

दद्यात् श्राद्धं त्रयोदश्यां मघासु च यथाविधि । मधुसर्पिः समायुक्तं पायसं दक्षिणायने ॥

Transliteration

dadyāt śrāddhaṃ trayodaśyāṃ maghāsu ca yathāvidhi / madhusarpiḥ samāyuktaṃ pāyasaṃ dakṣiṇāyane

Translation

ينبغي إقامةُ śrāddha في اليوم القمري الثالث عشر، وكذلك حين تسود كوكبةُ Maghā، وفق القاعدة. وفي Dakṣiṇāyana (مسار الشمس نحو الجنوب) ينبغي تقديمُ pāyasa (أرزّ بالحليب الحلو) ممزوجًا بالعسل والسمن المصفّى (ghee).

Word by Word

• दद्यात्: one should give/offer
• दद्यात्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative/विधिलिङ्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• श्राद्धम्: śrāddha rite
• श्राद्धम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• त्रयोदश्याम्: on the thirteenth lunar day
• त्रयोदश्याम्: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रयोदशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; कालवाचक (locative of time)

• मघासु: during Maghā (nakṣatra)
• मघासु: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मघा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन; नक्षत्रवाचक (in the Maghā asterism-days)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (conjunction)

• यथाविधि: according to rule
• यथाविधि: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा + विधि (अव्यय/समास)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव समास; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• मधुसर्पिः: honey and ghee
• मधुसर्पिः: Karta/Instrument-specifier (कर्ता/उपकरणनिर्देशक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु + सर्पिस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (मधु च सर्पिः च) समाहारार्थे

• समायुक्तम्: mixed/combined (with)
• समायुक्तम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-आ-युज् (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण (to पायसम्)

• पायसम्: rice pudding (pāyasa)
• पायसम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पायस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• दक्षिणायने: in the southern solstice/half-year (dakṣiṇāyana)
• दक्षिणायने: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दक्षिणायन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; कालवाचक (locative of time); तत्पुरुष (दक्षिणं अयनम्)

Speakers

• Madālasā (ritual calendar guidance)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs (ancestors)
• Sūrya (implicit via ayana)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitṛ Pūjā
• Ritual timing (tithi/nakṣatra)
• Seasonal observance

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma is shown as time-sensitive: right action includes right timing. The careful alignment with tithi/nakṣatra reflects an ethic of attentiveness and reverence rather than mere mechanical giving.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

This is Ācāra/Dharma material, not a direct instance of sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

Dakṣiṇāyana is traditionally associated with the Pitṛ-path; offering sweet, unctuous foods (honey/ghee) symbolizes ‘nourishing continuity’—stabilizing subtle bonds of lineage and memory.