Shloka 16

Adhyaya 29 — Alarka’s Inquiry and Madalasa’s Teaching on Householder Dharma (Gārhasthya), Vaiśvadeva, and Atithi Hospitality

Sanskrit

सुमनोगन्धपुष्पैश्च देवानभ्यर्च्य मानवः ।

ततोऽग्नेस्

dतर्पणं कुर्याद् देयाश्च बलयस्तथा ॥

Transliteration

sumanogandhapuṣpaiś ca devān abhyarcya mānavaḥ | tato ’gnestarpaṇaṃ kuryād deyāś ca balayas tathā ||

Translation

وبعد عبادة الآلهة بزهورٍ طيّبةٍ عطرة، ينبغي للمرء أن يُجري بعد ذلك طقسَ الترضية (tarpaṇa) لأغني (Agni)، وأن تُقدَّم كذلك قرابينُ الطعام (bali).

Word by Word

• sumano-gandha-puṣpaiḥ: with sweet-smelling flowers
• sumano-gandha-puṣpaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sumana (प्रातिपदिक) + gandha (प्रातिपदिक) + puṣpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘flowers with good fragrance’; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• devān: the gods
• devān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• abhyarcya: having worshipped
• abhyarcya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: abhi-arc (धातु) → abhyarcya (ल्यप्/क्त्वान्त)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्), indeclinable (अव्यय)

• mānavaḥ: a man
• mānavaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mānava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Krama (क्रम)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रम/अनन्तरबोधक अव्यय)

• agneḥ: of Agni (fire)
• agneḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: agni (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• tarpaṇam: libation / satisfying offering
• tarpaṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tarpaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• kuryāt: should do
• kuryāt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Vidhi-liṅ (विधिलिङ्/Optative), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• deyāḥ: to be given / should be offered
• deyāḥ: Vidhi (विधेय/आज्ञा)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dā (धातु) → deya (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Kṛtya (कृत्य) gerundive (कर्तव्य/देय-अर्थ), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• balayaḥ: offerings (bali)
• balayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bali (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• tathā: also / likewise
• tathā: Prakāra (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (प्रकार/समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

Speakers

• Instructional dialogue (elder to disciple/‘son’)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Agni
• Devas

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pūjā
• Agni
• Bali offerings

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

A complete daily dharmic routine integrates devotion (flowers), sacrificial continuity (Agni), and sharing (bali), ensuring no realm of beings is neglected.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Dharma and ritual conduct guidance.

What is the esoteric significance?

Agni is the mediator: honoring Agni after deva-worship signifies channeling devotion into an offering-principle that carries gifts to multiple recipients.