Shloka 30

Adhyaya 28 — Alarka Inquires into Varna and Ashrama Dharma; Madalasa Defines the Fourfold Duties

Sanskrit

अनारम्भस्तथाहारो भैक्षान्नेनैककालिना । आत्मज्ञानावबोधेच्छा तथा चात्मावलोकनम् ॥

Transliteration

anārambhas tathāhāro bhaikṣānnenaikakālinā | ātmajñānāvabodhecchā tathā cātmāvalokanam ||

Translation

عدم الشروع في أعمال جديدة؛ وتناول الطعام مرةً واحدة في اليوم مما يُنال من الصدقات؛ والرغبة في إيقاظ معرفة الذات (آتمن)؛ وتأمّل الذات—فهذه أيضًا من ذلك الدَّرما.

Word by Word

• anārambhaḥ: non-initiation; non-undertaking
• anārambhaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: an-ārambha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)

• tathā: and; likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (Indeclinable/अव्यय), sambandha-avyaya (connective adverb: 'and/also')

• āhāraḥ: food; intake
• āhāraḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āhāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• bhaikṣa-annena: by alms-food
• bhaikṣa-annena: Karaṇa (करण/instrument-means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhaikṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + anna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter/नपुंसक), Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instrumental/तृतीया), Ekavacana; Tatpuruṣa: bhaikṣam annam (alms-food)

• eka-kālinā: once (in one time); once-a-day
• eka-kālinā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/adjectival to bhaikṣānnena)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: eka (प्रातिपदिक) + kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā vibhakti, Ekavacana; Tatpuruṣa: ekaḥ kālaḥ yasya (once-a-day)

• ātma-jñāna-avabodha-icchā: desire for realization/understanding of self-knowledge
• ātma-jñāna-avabodha-icchā: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātman (प्रातिपदिक) + jñāna (प्रातिपदिक) + avabodha (प्रातिपदिक) + icchā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (Feminine/स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Prathamā, Ekavacana; multi-member Tatpuruṣa (determinative): ātmajñānasya avabodhasya icchā

• tathā: and; likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, connective adverb

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, samuccaya (conjunction/समुच्चय)

• ātma-avalokanam: self-contemplation; looking within
• ātma-avalokanam: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātman (प्रातिपदिक) + avalokana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Prathamā, Ekavacana; Tatpuruṣa: ātmanaḥ avalokanam (self-observation)

Speakers

• Not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "jnana", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Sannyāsa
• Alms
• Aparigraha (non-acquisition)
• Ātma-jñāna
• Meditation

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Renunciation is operationalized: minimal livelihood (alms, once daily) and minimal worldly initiative (anārambha) create the conditions for sustained self-inquiry and realization.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dharma instruction; ancillary to the five canonical Purāṇic topics.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Anārambha’ points to cessation of karmic proliferation; ‘ātma-avalokana’ is the inward turn where the ‘wanderer’ moves through layers of mind rather than geography.