Shloka 3

Adhyaya 14 — The Messenger of Yama Explains Karmic Retribution and the Causes of Naraka Torments

Sanskrit

वैदर्भो तव या पत्नी पीवरी नाम नामतः ।

ऋतुमत्याः ऋतुर्वन्ध्यस्त्वया तस्याः कृतः पुरा ॥

Transliteration

vaidarbho tava yā patnī pīvarī nāma nāmataḥ / ṛtumatyā ṛturvandhyastvayā tasyāḥ kṛtaḥ purā

Translation

زوجتك القادمة من فيداربها، واسمها بيفاري—حين كانت في موسم الخصوبة المشروع (ṛtu)—لقد جعلتها منذ زمن بعيد «عاقراً في موسمها»، أي أنك أفسدت واعتديت على ṛtu الواجب مراعاته.

Word by Word

• vaidarbhaḥ: the man of Vidarbha (Vaidarbha)
• vaidarbhaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vaidarbha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• tava: your
• tava: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• yā: who
• yā: Visheshya (विशेष्य/relative subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक-सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)

• patnī: wife
• patnī: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: patnī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन

• pīvarī: (named) Pīvarī
• pīvarī: Samānādhikaraṇa (समानाधिकरण/apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pīvarī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन; नाम (proper name)

• nāma: by name
• nāma: Nirdhāraṇa/Name-marker (नामनिर्देश)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nāma (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; नामनिर्देशक (indeclinable, name-indicator)

• nāmataḥ: as to name; nominally
• nāmataḥ: Hetu/Prakāra (प्रकार/according to)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nāmatas (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त (ablatival adverb)

• ṛtumatyāḥ: of the menstruating woman
• ṛtumatyāḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/of her)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ṛtumatī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन

• ṛtuḥ: the season/period (menstrual period)
• ṛtuḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण/qualifier)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ṛtu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन

• vandhyaḥ: barren; made fruitless
• vandhyaḥ: Samānādhikaraṇa (समानाधिकरण/predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vandhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन; विशेषण (adjective)

• tvayā: by you
• tvayā: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• tasyāḥ: of her
• tasyāḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/of her)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• kṛtaḥ: was done/made
• kṛtaḥ: Karma-bhāva/Predicate (कर्मभाव/was made)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु) + kta (कृत्-प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• purā: formerly; earlier
• purā: Kāla (काल/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: purā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक (temporal adverb)

Speakers

• Yamakiṅkara speaking; addressing the king/householder

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Gṛhastha-dharma
• Sexual restraint and timing (ṛtu-dharma)
• Karmic consequence
• Marital duty

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Householder sexuality is framed as dharma-governed, not merely pleasure-governed. To obstruct or violate the rightful ṛtu is treated as harm to the procreative order and thus a serious ethical breach.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/dharma instruction within narrative; not part of sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

Ṛtu symbolizes cosmic timing and harmony (ṛta). Violating ṛtu represents acting against the rhythm of dharma—hence the ‘small’ act becomes metaphysically weighty.