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Shloka 5

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

यस्य त्रैवार्षिकं भक्त पर्याप्तं भृत्यवृत्तये । अधिकं चापि विद्येत स सोम॑ पातुमहति,जिस ब्राह्मणके पास अपने पालनीय कुट॒म्बी-जनोंके भरण-पोषणके लिये तीन वर्षतक उपभोगमें आने लायक पर्याप्त धन हो अथवा उससे भी अधिक वैभव विद्यमान हो, वही सोमपानका अधिकारी है--उसे ही सोमयागका अनुष्ठान करना चाहिये

yasya traivārṣikaṃ bhaktaṃ paryāptaṃ bhṛtya-vṛttaye | adhikaṃ cāpi vidyeta sa somaṃ pātum arhati ||

قال بهيشما: إنّ البراهمن الذي يملك مؤونةً تكفي ثلاث سنين لإعالة من يعتمدون عليه—بل ويزيد على ذلك—هو وحده الجدير بشرب السُّوما. فمثل هذا ينبغي له أن يقيم قربان السُّوما، لأن هذا الطقس لا يُؤدَّى من حال العوز، بل على أساس معيشةٍ مأمونة ورعايةٍ مسؤولة لأهل البيت.

यस्यof whom/whose
यस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
त्रैवार्षिकम्for three years (lasting/covering three years)
त्रैवार्षिकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रैवार्षिक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भक्तम्food/provisions
भक्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभक्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पर्याप्तम्sufficient
पर्याप्तम्:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootपर्याप्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भृत्यवृत्तयेfor the maintenance of dependents/servants
भृत्यवृत्तये:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootभृत्यवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Dative, Singular
अधिकम्more/extra
अधिकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअधिक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
विद्येतshould be present/exist
विद्येत:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Atmanepada, 3rd, Singular, Non-past (modal)
सःhe/that person
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सोमम्Soma (sacrificial drink)
सोमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसोम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पातुम्to drink
पातुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootपा
FormTumun (infinitive)
अर्हतिis entitled/deserves
अर्हति:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormLat (Present), Parasmaipada, 3rd, Singular, Present

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Brahmin (brāhmaṇa)
S
Soma

Educational Q&A

Ritual privilege (Soma-drinking/Soma-sacrifice) is tied to ethical readiness: a Brahmin should first be able to sustain dependents securely (at least three years’ provisions, preferably surplus). The rite is not to be pursued at the cost of household responsibility.

In Bhishma’s instruction during the Shanti Parva, he lays down a criterion for who is qualified to perform the Soma-sacrifice: only one with adequate, stable resources for maintaining dependents is considered fit for Soma-drinking and thus for undertaking the Soma-yajña.