Shloka 11

Devanagari script

हयानन्ये गजानन्ये रथानन्ये महारथा: । आरुहा जवसम्पन्ना: पदातीन्‌ प्रजहुर्भयात्‌

Transliteration

hayān anye gajān anye rathān anye mahārathāḥ | ārūhya javasampannāḥ padātīn prajahur bhayāt ||

Translation

قال سنجيا: ركب بعضهم الخيل، وركب بعضهم الفيلة، وصعد بعضُ عظماء المقاتلين إلى عرباتهم. مدفوعين بالخوف فرّوا بأقصى سرعة، تاركين المشاة في الميدان.

Word by Word

• हयान्: horses
• हयान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: हय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अन्ये: others
• अन्ये: Karta
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: अन्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• गजान्: elephants
• गजान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गज
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अन्ये: others
• अन्ये: Karta
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: अन्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• रथान्: chariots
• रथान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अन्ये: others
• अन्ये: Karta
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: अन्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• महारथाः: great chariot-warriors
• महारथाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महारथ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• आरुहाः: having mounted
• आरुहाः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-रुह्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle, used actively)

• जवसम्पन्नाः: endowed with speed; swift
• जवसम्पन्नाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जव-सम्पन्न
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पदातीन्: foot-soldiers
• पदातीन्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पदाति
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• प्रजहुः: abandoned; left behind
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-हा
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• भयात्: from fear; out of fear
• भयात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भय
• Form: Neuter, Ablative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• horses
• elephants
• chariots
• mahārathas (great chariot-warriors)
• infantry (padātis)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Fear can overpower dharma and leadership: when the strong flee to protect themselves and abandon the foot-soldiers, it highlights ethical failure in command—duty in war includes safeguarding those who depend on one’s steadiness.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports a rout: warriors scramble onto horses, elephants, and chariots and escape rapidly, leaving the infantry behind on the battlefield.