Mahabharata 7.188.39 — Drona Parva, Adhyaya 188, Shloka 39

Devanagari script

ततो विराट: कुपित: समरे तोमरान्‌ दश

Transliteration

tato virāṭaḥ kupitaḥ samare tomarān daśa

Translation

ثم إن فيرَاطا، وقد استشاط غضبًا في ساحة القتال، قذف عشر رماحٍ (تومارا)—فعلٌ يُنذر باندفاع الغضب في الحرب، حيث يمكن للحنق الشخصي أن يضاعف العنف سريعًا ويُصعِّد النزاع.

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (indeclinable)

• विराटः: Virāṭ (king Virata)
• विराटः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विराट्
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्

• कुपितः: enraged
• कुपितः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कुपित (कुप् धातोः क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, सप्तमी, एकवचनम्

• तोमरान्: javelins, spears
• तोमरान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तोमर
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, बहुवचनम्

• दश: ten
• दश: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दशन्/दश (संख्याशब्द)
• Form: संख्याविशेषणम्; (तोमरान् इति विशेष्यस्य) बहुवचनार्थे

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Virāṭa
• tomara (spear/javelin)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The line highlights how anger (krodha) can drive sudden, forceful action in war; ethically, it cautions that unchecked wrath can eclipse discernment and intensify harm, even when one is acting within a warrior’s role.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Virāṭa, provoked in the midst of combat, becomes furious and casts ten tomara-spears at his opponent(s), marking a sharp escalation in the exchange of weapons.