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Shloka 60

भीमसेन-धृष्टद्युम्नयोर्वाक्यं

Bhīmasena and Dhṛṣṭadyumna’s Speeches on Kṣātra-Dharma

तावका: सैनिकाश्नापि मेनिरे निहतं नूपम्‌ । ततो&तिचुक्रुशु: सर्वे ते हाहेति समन्‍्ततः,आपके सैनिकोंने भी राजा दुर्योधनको मरा हुआ ही मान लिया था; अतः वे सब ओर जोर-जोरसे हाहाकार करने लगे

tāvakāḥ sainikāś cāpi menire nihataṃ nṛpam | tato ’ticukruśuḥ sarve te hāheti samantataḥ ||

قال سنجيا: حتى جنودك أنفسهم خلصوا إلى أن الملك قد قُتل. لذلك، من كل جانب، انفجروا جميعًا بصيحات نواحٍ عالية، يصرخون: «وا أسفاه! وا أسفاه!» وفي المناخ الأخلاقي للحرب، تُظهر هذه اللحظة كيف ينتشر الخوف والحزن سريعًا حين يُظَنّ أن القائد قد سقط، وكيف يمكن لمصير حاكمٍ واحد أن يهزّ جيشًا بأسره، فيُرخِي العزم والنظام وسط مذابح تسوقها الأدهرما.

तावकाःyour (people)
तावकाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतावक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सैनिकाःsoldiers
सैनिकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसैनिक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
मेनिरेthought/considered
मेनिरे:
TypeVerb
Rootमन्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Plural, Atmanepada
निहतम्slain
निहतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनि-हन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नृपम्the king
नृपम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
अतिचुक्रुशुःcried out loudly
अतिचुक्रुशुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअति-क्रुश्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हाहाalas! (cry of grief)
हाहा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहाहा
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
समन्ततःon all sides/everywhere
समन्ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमन्ततः

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Duryodhana (implied as the king believed slain)
K
Kaurava soldiers (tāvakāḥ sainikāḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the fragility of morale in war and the ethical weight of leadership: when a ruler is believed fallen, collective fear and sorrow can overwhelm discipline, revealing how attachment to power and persons intensifies suffering amid a conflict already marked by adharma.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the Kaurava troops assumed their king (Duryodhana) had been killed, and in response they raised a widespread, loud lament—‘hā hā’—signaling shock and disarray across the battlefield.