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Shloka 34

अध्याय १४८ — कर्णप्रभावः, धृष्टद्युम्नस्य विरथता, तथा घटोत्कच-आह्वानम्

Chapter 148: Karṇa’s Pressure, Dhṛṣṭadyumna Unhorsed, and the Summoning of Ghaṭotkaca

रथोडुपशताकीर्णा हयसंघातरोधसम्‌ | रथचक्रयुगेषाक्षकूबरैरतिदुर्गमाम्‌

rathoḍupaśatākīrṇā haya-saṅghāta-rodhasam | ratha-cakra-yugeṣākṣa-kūbarair ati-durgamām

قال سنجيا: لقد اختنق الميدان بعدد لا يُحصى من العربات، كقوارب تزحم مجرى الماء، وسُدّت مسالكه بكتلٍ كثيفة من الخيل. وكانت العجلات والنِّير والمحاور والأعمدة مبعثرةً ومتشابكةً حتى غدا اجتيازه بالغ العسر—صورةً لفوضى الحرب، حيث تُختبر نوايا البشر والدارما وسط ازدحامٍ ساحقٍ واضطرابٍ مُربِك.

रथchariot
रथ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, N/A (compound member), N/A
उडुपboat
उडुप:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootउडुप
FormNeuter, N/A (compound member), N/A
शतhundred
शत:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशत
FormNeuter, N/A (compound member), N/A
आकीर्णाstrewn, filled, covered
आकीर्णा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-कीर्ण (√कॄ/किर्)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
हयhorse
हय:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, N/A (compound member), N/A
संघातmass, throng, dense cluster
संघात:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंघात
FormMasculine, N/A (compound member), N/A
रोधसम्obstruction, barrier
रोधसम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरोधस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
रथchariot
रथ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, N/A (compound member), N/A
चक्रwheel
चक्र:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootचक्र
FormNeuter, N/A (compound member), N/A
युगेषुin the yokes/pairs
युगेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुग
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
अक्षaxle
अक्ष:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअक्ष
FormMasculine, N/A (compound member), N/A
कूबरैःwith poles/drawbars (of chariots)
कूबरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकूबर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अतिexceedingly, very
अति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअति
Formtrue
दुर्गमाम्hard to pass, impassable
दुर्गमाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्गम
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
C
chariots
H
horses
C
chariot-wheels
Y
yokes
A
axles
C
chariot-poles (īṣā/kūbara)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the moral and practical reality of war: once violence escalates, order collapses into congestion and confusion, making right action (dharma) harder to discern and execute. It implicitly cautions that the machinery of conflict can overwhelm human control and intention.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the battlefield has become jammed with chariots and masses of horses; broken or entangled chariot parts—wheels, yokes, axles, and poles—have made movement extremely difficult.