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Shloka 48

Duryodhana Seeks Droṇa’s Counsel; Imperative to Protect Jayadratha; Pāñcāla Assault on Duryodhana

भरतश्रेष्ठ)] वह शब्द सम्पूर्ण दसों दिशाओंमें व्याप्त होकर वहीं कौरव-पाण्डव सेनाओंमें प्रतिध्वनित होता रहा ।। तावका रथिनस्तत्र दृष्टवा कृष्णधनंजयौ । सम्भ्रमं परमं प्राप्तास्त्वरमाणा महारथा:

bharataśreṣṭha, sa śabdaḥ samasta-daśa-diśaḥ vyāptvā tatraiva kaurava-pāṇḍava-senāsu pratidhvanita eva abhavat. tāvakā rathinaḥ tatra dṛṣṭvā kṛṣṇa-dhanañjayau, sambhramaṁ paramaṁ prāptāḥ, tvaramāṇā mahārathāḥ.

يا خيرَ آلِ بهاراتا، لقد انتشر ذلك الصوت في الجهات العشر كلّها، وظلّ يتردّد صداه في صفوف جيشي الكورَڤا والباندَڤا. فلمّا رأى فرسانُ العربات من الكورَڤا—أولئك الأبطال العظام—كريشنا ودهانَنْجَيا (أرجونا) هناك، استولى عليهم فزعٌ بالغ، فاندفعوا مسرعين إلى الأمام في اضطراب.

तावकाःyour (i.e., Kaurava) men
तावकाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतावक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रथिनःchariot-warriors
रथिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
कृष्णधनंजयौKrishna and Dhananjaya (Arjuna)
कृष्णधनंजयौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण-धनंजय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
सम्भ्रमम्confusion, agitation
सम्भ्रमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसम्भ्रम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
परमम्supreme, extreme
परमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्राप्ताःhaving attained / having fallen into
प्राप्ताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-आप्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
त्वरमाणाःhastening
त्वरमाणाः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootत्वर्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
महारथाःgreat chariot-warriors
महारथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address bharataśreṣṭha)
K
Kṛṣṇa
D
Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)
K
Kaurava army
P
Pāṇḍava army
T
ten directions (daśa diśaḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how the moral and strategic weight of righteous leadership can affect an entire battlefield: the mere presence of Kṛṣṇa with Arjuna unsettles opponents, showing that courage and clarity on one side can generate fear and confusion on the other.

A powerful sound spreads and reverberates across the battlefield. In that charged moment, Kaurava chariot-warriors notice Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna and, struck by intense alarm, rush forward in agitation—signaling a sudden escalation and reaction to their appearance.