Shloka 49

Sātyaki-praveśaḥ and Duryodhana-saṃnipātaḥ

Sātyaki’s passage and Duryodhana’s mass engagement

Devanagari script

ततः क्रुद्धो महाराज धर्नुर्वेदस्य पारग:

Transliteration

tataḥ kruddho mahārāja dhanurvedasya pāragāḥ

Translation

قال سانجيا: «ثم، أيها الملك العظيم، استبدّ به الغضب—وهو الذي بلغ الغاية في علم الرمي بالقوس—معلِنًا منعطفًا حاسمًا في المعركة حيث تتصادم المهارة والسخط والواجب (الدارما).»

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (no gender/case/number)

• क्रुद्धः: angered
• क्रुद्धः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुध् (क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त: क्रुद्ध)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• महाराज: O great king
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाराज (महान् + राजन्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

• धनुर्वेदस्य: of the science of archery
• Type: Noun
• Root: धनुर्वेद (धनुस् + वेद)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• पारगः: one who has mastered; expert
• पारगः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पारग (पार + ग)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'mahārāja')
• Dhanurveda (science of archery)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The line highlights how mastery of skill (dhanurveda) does not by itself ensure righteousness; in war, anger can drive action, so ethical restraint and dharma must govern even the most capable warrior.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya reports to the king that a master archer becomes enraged, marking an intensification of combat and foreshadowing a forceful response on the battlefield.