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Shloka 20

अध्याय ५५ — भीष्मस्य प्रचण्डविक्रमः, अर्जुनप्रत्युत्तरं, कृष्णस्य चक्रोद्यतिः

Chapter 55: Bhīṣma’s onslaught, Arjuna’s counter, and Kṛṣṇa’s raised discus

पृष्ठगोपास्तु तस्यथासन्‌ नानादेश्या जनेश्वरा: । केतुमान्‌ वसुदानश्र पुत्र: काश्यस्य चाभिभू:,केतुमान्‌, वसुदान, काशिराजके पुत्र अभिभू तथा अन्य अनेक देशोंके नरेश सेना पृष्ठके पोषक थे

pṛṣṭhagopās tu tasyathāsan nānādeśyā janeśvarāḥ | ketumān vasudānaś ca putraḥ kāśyasya cābhibhūḥ ||

قال سنجيا: كان يحرس مؤخرته ملوكٌ كُثُر من أقاليم شتى—كيتومان، وفاسودانا، وأبهيبو ابن كاشيا. وهكذا أُحكم حتى ظهرُ ذلك الصفّ القتالي بملوكٍ ذوي صيت، دلالةً على حسن التنظيم وتقاسم المسؤولية داخل الجيش مع اقتراب الحرب.

पृष्ठगोपाःrear-guard protectors
पृष्ठगोपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपृष्ठगोप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुbut/and
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
तस्यof him/of that (army)
तस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अथthen/now
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
आसन्were
आसन्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect, 3rd, Plural
नानादेश्याःbelonging to various countries
नानादेश्याः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनानादेश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जनेश्वराःlords of men, kings
जनेश्वराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजनेश्वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
केतुमान्Ketumān (a king)
केतुमान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकेतुमत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वसुदानःVasudāna (a king)
वसुदानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवसुदान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभिभूःAbhibhū (a king)
अभिभूः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअभिभू
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
काश्यस्यof Kāśya
काश्यस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootकाश्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

(संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
K
Ketumān
V
Vasudāna
A
Abhibhū
K
Kāśya
R
rear-guard (pṛṣṭhagopāḥ)

Educational Q&A

Even in warfare, responsibility is distributed: the rear is guarded by capable leaders, highlighting discipline, coordination, and accountability within a collective enterprise.

Sanjaya lists the rulers assigned as rear-guards in the army/formation, naming Ketumān, Vasudāna, and Abhibhū (son of Kāśya) among many kings from different regions.