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Shloka 21

Ruru’s Lament and the Lifespan Exchange for Pramadvarā (रुरु–प्रमद्वरा आयुर्विभागः)

स कदाचिद्‌ वन विप्रो रुरुरभ्यागमन्महत्‌ । शयानं तत्र चापश्यद्‌ डुण्डुभं वयसान्वितम्‌,एक दिनकी बात है, ब्राह्मण रुक किसी विशाल वनमें गया, वहाँ उसने डुण्डुभ जातिके एक बूढ़े साँपको सोते देखा

sa kadācid vanaṃ vipro rurur abhyāgaman mahat | śayānaṃ tatra cāpaśyad ḍuṇḍubhaṃ vayasānvitam ||

وذات مرة دخل البراهمن رورو غابةً شاسعة. فرأى هناك حيّةً هرِمةً من صنف «دوندوبها» مضطجعةً نائمة—لقاءً يمهّد للتأمل في كيف ينبغي أن يُعامَل حتى ما يبدو عاجزًا من الكائنات، وما العواقب التي تترتب على سلوك المرء.

सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कदाचित्once, at some time
कदाचित्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदाचित्
वनेin the forest
वने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
विप्रःa brahmin
विप्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रुरुःRuru (proper name)
रुरुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरुरु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभ्यागमत्went to, came
अभ्यागमत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-गम्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
महत्great, large
महत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शयानम्lying down, sleeping
शयानम्:
Karma
TypeParticiple
Rootशी (शय्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपश्यत्saw
अपश्यत्:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
डुण्डुभम्a Dundubha (a kind of serpent)
डुण्डुभम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootडुण्डुभ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वयसाwith age
वयसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवयस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अन्वितम्endowed with, accompanied by
अन्वितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्वित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

धर्मराज उवाच

R
Ruru
F
forest (vana)
D
Dundubha serpent (ḍuṇḍubha)

Educational Q&A

The verse introduces a situation meant to test dharma: how one responds to a vulnerable being (here, an old sleeping serpent) can reveal one’s ethical disposition and lead to significant consequences.

Ruru, a Brahmin, enters a great forest and notices an aged Dundubha serpent lying asleep there, marking the beginning of an encounter that will develop into a moral episode.