Shloka 58

Yuga-Vibhāga and Kāla-Pramāṇa

Measures of Time and the Four Yugas

Devanagari script

शुभाः प्रवृत्तयस्तेषां धर्मा वर्णाश्रमास्तथा / संकल्पितेन मनसा वाचोक्तेन स्वकर्मणा

Transliteration

śubhāḥ pravṛttayasteṣāṃ dharmā varṇāśramāstathā / saṃkalpitena manasā vācoktena svakarmaṇā

Translation

كانت سلوكياتهم مباركة، وكذلك دارما الفَرْنَة والآشرَم؛ بما عُقِد في القلب من عزم، وبما نُطِق به من قول، وبما قام به كلٌّ من عمله.

Word by Word

• śubhāḥ: auspicious
• śubhāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śubha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (प्रथमा/1st case), Bahuvacana (बहुवचन); viśeṣaṇa (adjective)

• pravṛttayaḥ: activities, undertakings
• pravṛttayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pravṛtti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana; kartṛ-padārtha (subject-noun)

• teṣām: of them
• teṣām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga/napuṃsaka (contextual pronoun), Ṣaṣṭhī vibhakti (षष्ठी/Genitive), Bahuvacana

• dharmāḥ: duties, dharmas
• dharmāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana

• varṇa-āśramāḥ: the varṇas and āśramas
• varṇa-āśramāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: varṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + āśrama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana; itaretara-dvandva (copulative)

• tathā: and also, likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; samuccaya/anuvṛtti-artha (conjunctive: 'and also/likewise')

• saṃkalpitena: by what is mentally conceived
• saṃkalpitena: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saṃkalpita (कृदन्त; √kḷp/कल्प्)
• Form: Napuṃsakaliṅga, Tṛtīyā vibhakti (तृतीया/Instrumental), Ekavacana; bhūta-kṛdanta (past passive participle) used adjectivally

• manasā: by the mind
• manasā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsakaliṅga, Tṛtīyā (Instrumental), Ekavacana

• vācā: by speech
• vācā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vāc (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Tṛtīyā (Instrumental), Ekavacana

• uktena: by what is spoken
• uktena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ukta (कृदन्त; √vac/वच्)
• Form: Napuṃsakaliṅga, Tṛtīyā (Instrumental), Ekavacana; bhūta-kṛdanta (PPP)

• sva-karmaṇā: by one’s own action
• sva-karmaṇā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sva (प्रातिपदिक) + karman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsakaliṅga, Tṛtīyā (Instrumental), Ekavacana; karmadhāraya: 'one’s own deed'