Shloka 19
Aśauca-vidhi (Rules of Impurity) within Śrāddha-kalpa — Chapter on Testing/Selecting Brahmanas and Honoring the Atithi
Devanagari script
पिपासिताय श्रान्ताय भ्रान्तायातिबुभुक्षते / तस्मै सत्कृत्य दातव्यं यज्ञम्य फलमिच्छता
Transliteration
pipāsitāya śrāntāya bhrāntāyātibubhukṣate / tasmai satkṛtya dātavyaṃ yajñamya phalamicchatā
Translation
من كان عطشانَ مُتعبًا تائهًا شديدَ الجوع، فعلى من يرجو ثمرة اليَجْنَة أن يُعطيه صدقةً بعد إكرامه.
Word by Word
pipāsitāyato the thirsty (person)
pipāsitāya:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान/recipient)
TypeAdjective
Rootpipāsita (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; √pā ‘पिब्’ + desiderative sense)
FormMasculine, Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular; past/passive participial adjective ‘thirsty’ (तृषित)
śrāntāyato the tired (person)
śrāntāya:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeAdjective
Rootśrānta (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; √śram ‘श्रम्’)
FormMasculine, Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular; past participle used adjectivally
bhrāntāyato the bewildered/wandering (person)
bhrāntāya:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeAdjective
Rootbhrānta (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; √bhram ‘भ्रम्’)
FormMasculine, Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular; past participle used adjectivally
ati-bubhukṣate(he) is extremely hungry / strongly desires to eat
ati-bubhukṣate:
Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√bhuj (धातु) with desiderative stem bubhukṣ (बुभुक्ष) + ati- (उपसर्ग)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular; Ātmanepada; ‘desires to eat greatly’
tasmaito him
tasmai:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular; pronoun
sat-kṛtyahaving honored (him)
sat-kṛtya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/gerundial modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsat (प्रातिपदिक) + √kṛ (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय; ल्यप्) used as indeclinable; ‘having honored/treated well’
dātavyamshould be given
dātavyam:
Kriyā (क्रिया; vidhi/obligation)
TypeVerb
Root√dā (धातु)
FormGerundive/Obligative (तव्यत्-प्रत्यय); Neuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; impersonal obligation ‘is to be given’
yajamyaḥthe sacrificer (one performing sacrifice)
yajamyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/agent, implied)
TypeAdjective
Rootyajamya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; qualifying the implied giver/performer; sense: ‘one who performs sacrifice/one desiring to sacrifice’ (contextual)
phalamfruit, result
phalam:
Karma (कर्म/object)
TypeNoun
Rootphala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
icchatāby one who desires (it)
icchatā:
Hetu/Instrument (करण/हेतु)
TypeVerb
Root√iṣ (धातु) → icchat (वर्तमान कृदन्त/शतृ)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; Masculine/Neuter; ‘by/with (one) desiring’