Brahma Purana — Shiva on Dharma: Nonviolence, Truthful Speech, Mental Discipline, and the Karmic Causes of Heaven and Longevity, Shloka 35
Devanagari script
ज्ञातवन्तः क्रियावन्तः क्षमावन्तः सुहृत्प्रियाः धर्माधर्मविदो नित्यं ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः //
Translation
هذه الآية (35) تُبيّن الدارما المقدّسة والمعرفة الكتابية، لتكون هدايةً لطالبي الحقّ.
Word by Word
jñātavantaḥknowing, learned
jñātavantaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootjñātavant (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √jñā (धातु) + -tavat)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative, 1st), Bahuvacana (Plural); tavat-pratyayānta (possessive)
kriyāvantaḥactive, performing deeds
kriyāvantaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootkriyāvat (प्रातिपदिक; kriyā (स्त्री) + -vat)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; vat-pratyayānta (possessive)
kṣamāvantaḥforbearing, patient
kṣamāvantaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootkṣamāvat (प्रातिपदिक; kṣamā (स्त्री) + -vat)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; vat-pratyayānta
suhṛtpriyāḥdear to friends / friendly
suhṛtpriyāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsuhṛt + priya (प्रातिपदिके)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (genitive determinative): suhṛtaḥ priyāḥ = friends-dear
dharmadharma, righteousness
dharma:
—
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga; samāsa-aṅga (compound member), not independently declined here
adharmaunrighteousness
adharma:
—
TypeNoun
Rootadharma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga; samāsa-aṅga (compound member), not independently declined here
vidaḥknowers (of both)
vidaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootvid (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √vid (धातु) + -a (agent noun))
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; dharma-adharma-vidaḥ = knowers of dharma and adharma (dvandva within object domain + agent noun)
nityamalways
nityam:
Kāla/Prakāra (काल/प्रकार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnitya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya (indeclinable adverb)
tethose
te:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; sarvanāma (pronoun)
narāḥmen, persons
narāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana
svargagāminaḥheaven-going
svargagāminaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsvarga + gāmin (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √gam (धातु) + -in)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; upapada-tatpuruṣa: svargaṃ gacchanti iti (going to heaven)
Speaker
Maheśvara to the देवी (continuation)