Mantra 40

Sukta 7

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

अप तस्य हतं तमो व्यावृत्तः स पाप्मना । सर्वाणि तस्मिन् ज्योतींषि यानि त्रीणि प्रजापतौ

IAST Transliteration

ápa tásya hatáṃ támo vyā́vṛttaḥ sá pā́pmnā | sárvāṇi tásmin jyótīṃṣi yā́ni trī́ṇi prajā́patau

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Away from him is smitten Darkness; turned aside is he with Evil. In him are all those Lights, the three, that are in Prajāpati.

Translation

عَنْهُ تُضْرَبُ الظُّلْمَةُ فَتَنْدَحِرُ، وَعَنْهُ يَنْصَرِفُ الشَّرُّ. وَفِيهِ جَمِيعُ تِلْكَ الأَنْوَارِ—الثَّلَاثَةُ—الَّتِي فِي بْرَجَابَتِي (Prajāpati).

Word by Word

• अप: away, off
• अप: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अप (अव्यय)

• तस्य: of him/it
• तस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• हतम्: struck down, slain, destroyed
• हतम्: विशेषण (of ‘तमः’)
• Type: Adjective (PPP)
• Root: √हन् (हिंसागत्योः) → हत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)

• तमः: darkness
• तमः: Karma (with implied ‘अप’ = removed) / or Kartā in verbless clause
• Type: Noun
• Root: तमस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• व्यावृत्तः: turned away, averted, withdrawn
• व्यावृत्तः: Kartā (agreeing with ‘सः’)
• Type: Adjective (PPP)
• Root: वि + आ + √वृत् (वर्तने) → व्यावृत्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)

• सः: he
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• पाप्मना: with evil; by sin/evil influence
• पाप्मना: Karaṇa (instrument/association: ‘with/through evil’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाप्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सर्वाणि: all
• सर्वाणि: विशेष्य (of ‘ज्योतींषि’) / Karma if taken as object
• Type: Adjective/Pronoun
• Root: सर्व (सर्वनाम/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)

• तस्मिन्: in him/therein
• तस्मिन्: Adhikaraṇa (locus: ‘in him/therein’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ज्योतींषि: lights, luminaries
• ज्योतींषि: Kartā/विशेष्य (subject in verbless clause) or Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्योतिस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• यानि: which
• यानि: सम्बन्ध (relative: ‘which’ referring to ‘ज्योतींषि’)
• Type: Relative pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• त्रीणि: three
• त्रीणि: विशेषण (of ‘ज्योतींषि’)
• Type: Numeral (Adjective)
• Root: त्रि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रजापतौ: in Prajāpati
• प्रजापतौ: Adhikaraṇa (locus: ‘in Prajāpati’)
• Type: Noun (proper/title)
• Root: प्रजापति (प्रातिपदिक)

Attribution

Rishi: Skambha-cycle seer(s) (anukramaṇī-dependent)

Devata: Skambha identified with Prajāpati; also the triad of lights

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"shanta","secondary_rasa":"adbhuta","emotional_arc":"From threat-removal to calm radiance.","listener_experience":"A sense of clearing, then reassurance—like lamps being lit in a purified room.","intensity":5}