Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 75, Shloka 19

अयोध्याकाण्डे पञ्चसप्ततितमः सर्गः

Sarga 75: Bharata and Kausalya—Reproach, Oaths, and Reconciliation

Devanagari script

एवं विलपमानां तां भरतः प्राञ्जलिस्तदा।कौसल्यां प्रत्युवाचेदं शोकैर्बहुभिरावृताम्।।।।

Transliteration

evaṃ vilapamānāṃ tāṃ bharataḥ prāñjalis tadā | kausalyāṃ pratyuvācedaṃ śokair bahubhir āvṛtām ||

Translation

As she lamented thus, overwhelmed by many griefs, Bharata then—hands joined in reverence—replied to Kausalyā with these words.

Word by Word

• evam: thus/in that manner
• evam: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: Prakāra-avyaya (प्रकाराव्यय)

• vilapamānām: lamenting
• vilapamānām: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi+lap (धातु)
• Form: Present active participle (कृत्: शतृ), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifies tāṃ (Kausalyā)

• tām: her/that (lady)
• tām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• bharataḥ: Bharata
• bharataḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• prāñjaliḥ: with folded hands
• prāñjaliḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prāñjali (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); 'with joined palms'

• tadā: then
• tadā: Kāla (कालः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: Kāla-avyaya (कालाव्यय)

• kausalyām: Kausalya
• kausalyām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kausalyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); apposition to tām

• pratyuvāca: replied
• pratyuvāca: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: prati+vac (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपदम)

• idam: this (speech)
• idam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); object of pratyuvāca

• śokaiḥ: with sorrows
• śokaiḥ: Karana (करणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śoka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• bahubhiḥ: many
• bahubhiḥ: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bahu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); qualifies śokaiḥ

• āvṛtām: overwhelmed/covered
• āvṛtām: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā+vṛ (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (कृत्: क्त), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifies kausalyām

Context

As Kausalya was lamenting in this manner, overwhelmed with deep grief, Bharata, his palms joined in reverence, replied her in these words:

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Kausalyā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in communication: grief is met with respectful, restrained speech and proper conduct toward elders.

What is the narrative situation?

The narration transitions from Kausalyā’s lament to Bharata’s formal reply, marking the start of his defense.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharata’s courtesy and self-control (saṃyama) in a charged emotional moment.