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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 52, Shloka 48

गङ्गातरणम्, सुमन्त्र-प्रतिनिवर्तनम्, जटाधारणम्

Crossing the Gaṅgā; Sumantra’s Return; Adoption of Ascetic Signs

तन्न शक्ष्याम्यहं गन्तुमयोध्यां त्वदृतेऽनघ।वनवासानुयानाय मामनुज्ञातुमर्हसि।।2.52.48।।

tan na śakṣyāmy ahaṃ gantum ayodhyāṃ tvadṛte ’nagha | vanavāsānuyānāya mām anu-jñātum arhasi ||

Therefore, O sinless one, I cannot go to Ayodhyā without you. You ought to grant me permission to follow you into forest-exile.

tattherefore
tat:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormAdverbial accusative (अव्ययीभाव-प्राय) = ‘therefore/that being so’
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle
śakṣyāmiwill be able
śakṣyāmi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√śak (धातु)
FormFuture (लृट्), 1st Person, Singular; Parasmaipada; ‘shall be able’
ahamI
aham:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun; Nominative, Singular
gantumto go
gantum:
Karma (कर्म; infinitival complement)
TypeVerb
Root√gam (धातु)
FormInfinitive (तुमुन्) = ‘to go’
ayodhyāmto Ayodhya
ayodhyām:
Karma (कर्म; गत्यर्थक)
TypeNoun
Rootayodhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; destination
tvadṛtewithout you
tvadṛte:
Apādāna (अपादान; separation)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottvat (युष्मद्) + ṛte (अव्यय)
FormUpapada indeclinable ‘ṛte’ with Ablative/Genitive sense; here compounded with tvat = ‘without you’
anaghaO sinless one
anagha:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootanagha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
vana-vāsa-anuyānāyafor accompanying (you) in forest exile
vana-vāsa-anuyānāya:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान; purpose/dative)
TypeNoun
Rootvana (प्रातिपदिक) + vāsa (प्रातिपदिक) + anuyāna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa chain; Neuter, Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular; purpose = ‘for following (you) into forest-dwelling’
māmme
mām:
Karma (कर्म; object of anujñātum)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun; Accusative, Singular
anujñātumto permit
anujñātum:
Karma (कर्म; infinitival complement of arhasi)
TypeVerb
Rootanu-√jñā (धातु)
FormInfinitive (तुमुन्) = ‘to permit/consent’
arhasiyou should
arhasi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√arh (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 2nd Person, Singular; Parasmaipada; ‘you ought/are fit’

That is why, O sinless one! I cannot go back to Ayodhya without you. Allow me to accompany you into your exile.

S
Sumantra
R
Rāma
A
Ayodhyā
V
vana (forest)
V
vanavāsa (exile)

FAQs

The dharma of service and loyalty: Sumantra sees abandoning Rāma as morally impossible, seeking to align his duty with the righteous person rather than mere protocol.

Sumantra asks Rāma for consent to accompany him into the forest instead of returning alone to Ayodhyā.

Fidelity (niṣṭhā) and selfless service (sevā).