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Srimad Bhagavatam — Navama Skandha, Shloka 18

The Rise of Soma-vaṁśa: Budha’s Birth and Purūravā–Urvaśī; The Origin of Karma-kāṇḍa in Tretā-yuga

मित्रावरुणयो: शापादापन्ना नरलोकताम् । निशम्य पुरुषश्रेष्ठं कन्दर्पमिव रूपिणम् । धृतिं विष्टभ्य ललना उपतस्थे तदन्तिके ॥ १७ ॥ स तां विलोक्य नृपतिर्हर्षेणोत्फुल्ललोचन: । उवाच श्लक्ष्णया वाचा देवीं हृष्टतनूरुह: ॥ १८ ॥

mitrā-varuṇayoḥ śāpād āpannā nara-lokatām niśamya puruṣa-śreṣṭhaṁ kandarpam iva rūpiṇam

Having been cursed by Mitra and Varuṇa, the celestial woman Urvaśī had acquired the habits of a human being. Therefore, upon seeing Purūravā, the best of males, whose beauty resembled that of Cupid, she controlled herself and then approached him. When King Purūravā saw Urvaśī, his eyes became jubilant in the ecstasy of joy, and the hairs on his body stood on end. With mild, pleasing words, he spoke to her as follows.

dhṛtimsteadiness/resolve
dhṛtim:
Karma (कर्म; object of viṣṭabhya)
TypeNoun
Rootdhṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Acc.), एकवचन
viṣṭabhyahaving steadied
viṣṭabhya:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-√stambh (धातु) + lyap (ल्यप्)
Formअव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), 'having supported/steadied'
lalanāthe woman (Urvaśī)
lalanā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootlalanā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
upatastheapproached/attended
upatasthe:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootupa-√sthā (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद; अर्थ: 'attended/approached/served'
tad-antikenear him
tad-antike:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/location)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक) + antika (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष: 'near him'; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Loc.), एकवचन
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formसर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
tāmher
tām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formसर्वनाम, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
vilokyahaving seen
vilokya:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-√lok (धातु) + lyap (ल्यप्)
Formअव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), 'having seen'
nṛpatiḥthe king
nṛpatiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता; apposition to saḥ)
TypeNoun
Rootnṛpati (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
harṣeṇawith joy
harṣeṇa:
Hetu/Instrument (हेतु/करण; cause/means)
TypeNoun
Rootharṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instr.), एकवचन
utphulla-locanaḥwith wide-open eyes
utphulla-locanaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता; qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootutphulla (प्रातिपदिक) + locana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय: 'with blossomed/widened eyes'; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण to nṛpatiḥ
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; अर्थ: 'said'
ślakṣṇayāwith gentle
ślakṣṇayā:
Karana (करण; means)
TypeAdjective
Rootślakṣṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instr.), एकवचन; विशेषण to vācā
vācāspeech/words
vācā:
Karana (करण/instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootvāc (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instr.), एकवचन
devīmthe goddess (Urvaśī)
devīm:
Karma (कर्म; addressee as object of speech)
TypeNoun
Rootdevī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Acc.), एकवचन
hṛṣṭa-tanū-ruhaḥwith hairs standing on end
hṛṣṭa-tanū-ruhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता; qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Roothṛṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक) + tanū (प्रातिपदिक) + ruha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुव्रीहि: 'one whose body-hairs stood up (from delight)'; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण to nṛpatiḥ
M
Mitra
V
Varuṇa
K
Kandarpa (Kāma)
T
the King (nṛpati)
T
the Lady (devī/lalanā)

FAQs

This verse notes that due to Mitra and Varuṇa’s curse, a celestial lady was made to take birth/enter the human realm, showing how even exalted beings can be bound by divine law and consequences.

The comparison emphasizes the king’s extraordinary attractiveness and the power of desire it can awaken, setting the narrative context for a relationship driven by strong emotion and fate.

It highlights the importance of composure and inner steadiness before acting—especially when emotions are strong—so one’s choices remain aligned with dharma and long-term spiritual goals.