Adhyaya 1

Verse 1

श्रीराजोवाच मन्वन्तराणि सर्वाणि त्वयोक्तानि श्रुतानि मे । वीर्याण्यनन्तवीर्यस्य हरेस्तत्र कृतानि च ॥ १ ॥

King Parīkṣit said: My lord, Śukadeva Gosvāmī, you have elaborately described all the periods of the various Manus and, within those periods, the wonderful activities of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who has unlimited potency. I am fortunate to have heard all of this from you.

Verse 2

योऽसौ सत्यव्रतो नाम राजर्षिर्द्रविडेश्वर: । ज्ञानं योऽतीतकल्पान्ते लेभे पुरुषसेवया ॥ २ ॥ स वै विवस्वत: पुत्रो मनुरासीदिति श्रुतम् । त्वत्तस्तस्य सुता:प्रोक्ता इक्ष्वाकुप्रमुखा नृपा: ॥ ३ ॥

Satyavrata, the saintly king of Draviḍadeśa who received spiritual knowledge at the end of the last millennium by the grace of the Supreme, later became Vaivasvata Manu, the son of Vivasvān, in the next manvantara [period of Manu]. I have received this knowledge from you. I also understand that such kings as Ikṣvāku were his sons, as you have already explained.

Verse 3

योऽसौ सत्यव्रतो नाम राजर्षिर्द्रविडेश्वर: । ज्ञानं योऽतीतकल्पान्ते लेभे पुरुषसेवया ॥ २ ॥ स वै विवस्वत: पुत्रो मनुरासीदिति श्रुतम् । त्वत्तस्तस्य सुता:प्रोक्ता इक्ष्वाकुप्रमुखा नृपा: ॥ ३ ॥

Satyavrata, the saintly king of Draviḍadeśa who received spiritual knowledge at the end of the last millennium by the grace of the Supreme, later became Vaivasvata Manu, the son of Vivasvān, in the next manvantara [period of Manu]. I have received this knowledge from you. I also understand that such kings as Ikṣvāku were his sons, as you have already explained.

Verse 4

तेषां वंशं पृथग् ब्रह्मन् वंशानुचरितानि च । कीर्तयस्व महाभाग नित्यं शुश्रूषतां हि न: ॥ ४ ॥

O greatly fortunate Śukadeva Gosvāmī, O great brāhmaṇa, kindly describe to us separately the dynasties and characteristics of all those kings, for we are always eager to hear such topics from you.

Verse 5

ये भूता ये भविष्याश्च भवन्त्यद्यतनाश्च ये । तेषां न: पुण्यकीर्तीनां सर्वेषां वद विक्रमान् ॥ ५ ॥

Kindly tell us about the abilities of all the celebrated kings born in the dynasty of Vaivasvata Manu, including those who have already passed, those who may appear in the future, and those who exist at present.

Verse 6

श्रीसूत उवाच एवं परीक्षिता राज्ञा सदसि ब्रह्मवादिनाम् । पृष्ट: प्रोवाच भगवाञ्छुक: परमधर्मवित् ॥ ६ ॥

Sūta Gosvāmī said: When Śukadeva Gosvāmī, the greatest knower of religious principles, was thus requested by Mahārāja Parīkṣit in the assembly of all the scholars learned in Vedic knowledge, he then proceeded to speak.

Verse 7

श्रीशुक उवाच श्रूयतां मानवो वंश: प्राचुर्येण परन्तप । न शक्यते विस्तरतो वक्तुं वर्षशतैरपि ॥ ७ ॥

Śukadeva Gosvāmī continued: O King, subduer of your enemies, now hear from me in great detail about the dynasty of Manu. I shall explain as much as possible, although one could not say everything about it, even in hundreds of years.

Verse 8

परावरेषां भूतानामात्मा य: पुरुष: पर: । स एवासीदिदं विश्वं कल्पान्तेऽन्यन्न किञ्चन ॥ ८ ॥

The transcendental Supreme Person, the Supersoul of all living entities, who are in different statuses of life, high and low, existed at the end of the millennium, when neither this manifested cosmos nor anything else but Him existed.

Verse 9

तस्य नाभे: समभवत् पद्मकोषो हिरण्मय: । तस्मिञ्जज्ञे महाराज स्वयम्भूश्चतुरानन: ॥ ९ ॥

O King Parīkṣit, from the navel of the Supreme Personality of Godhead was generated a golden lotus, on which the four-faced Lord Brahmā took his birth.

Verse 10

मरीचिर्मनसस्तस्य जज्ञे तस्यापि कश्यप: । दाक्षायण्यां ततोऽदित्यां विवस्वानभवत् सुत: ॥ १० ॥

From the mind of Lord Brahmā, Marīci took birth, from the semen of Marīci, Kaśyapa appeared, and from Kaśyapa, by the womb of Dakṣa’s daughter Aditi, Vivasvān took birth.

Verse 11

ततो मनु: श्राद्धदेव: संज्ञायामास भारत । श्रद्धायां जनयामास दश पुत्रान् स आत्मवान् ॥ ११ ॥ इक्ष्वाकुनृगशर्यातिदिष्टधृष्टकरूषकान् । नरिष्यन्तं पृषध्रं च नभगं च कविं विभु: ॥ १२ ॥

O King, best of the Bhārata dynasty, from Vivasvān, by the womb of Saṁjñā, Śrāddhadeva Manu was born. Śrāddhadeva Manu, having conquered his senses, begot ten sons in the womb of his wife, Śraddhā. The names of these sons were Ikṣvāku, Nṛga, Śaryāti, Diṣṭa, Dhṛṣṭa, Karūṣaka, Nariṣyanta, Pṛṣadhra, Nabhaga and Kavi.

Verse 12

ततो मनु: श्राद्धदेव: संज्ञायामास भारत । श्रद्धायां जनयामास दश पुत्रान् स आत्मवान् ॥ ११ ॥ इक्ष्वाकुनृगशर्यातिदिष्टधृष्टकरूषकान् । नरिष्यन्तं पृषध्रं च नभगं च कविं विभु: ॥ १२ ॥

O King, best of the Bhārata dynasty, from Vivasvān, by the womb of Saṁjñā, Śrāddhadeva Manu was born. Śrāddhadeva Manu, having conquered his senses, begot ten sons in the womb of his wife, Śraddhā. The names of these sons were Ikṣvāku, Nṛga, Śaryāti, Diṣṭa, Dhṛṣṭa, Karūṣaka, Nariṣyanta, Pṛṣadhra, Nabhaga and Kavi.

Verse 13

अप्रजस्य मनो: पूर्वं वसिष्ठो भगवान् किल । मित्रावरुणयोरिष्टिं प्रजार्थमकरोद् विभु: ॥ १३ ॥

Manu at first had no sons. Therefore, in order to get a son for him, the great saint Vasiṣṭha, who was very powerful in spiritual knowledge, performed a sacrifice to satisfy the demigods Mitra and Varuṇa.

Verse 14

तत्र श्रद्धा मनो: पत्नी होतारं समयाचत । दुहित्रर्थमुपागम्य प्रणिपत्य पयोव्रता ॥ १४ ॥

During that sacrifice, Śraddhā, Manu’s wife, who was observing the vow of subsisting only by drinking milk, approached the priest offering the sacrifice, offered obeisances to him and begged for a daughter.

Verse 15

प्रेषितोऽध्वर्युणा होता व्यचरत् तत् समाहित: । गृहीते हविषि वाचा वषट्कारं गृणन्द्विज: ॥ १५ ॥

Told by the chief priest “Now offer oblations,” the person in charge of oblations took clarified butter to offer. He then remembered the request of Manu’s wife and performed the sacrifice while chanting the word “vaṣaṭ.”

Verse 16

होतुस्तद्‌व्यभिचारेण कन्येला नाम साभवत् । तां विलोक्य मनु: प्राह नातितुष्टमना गुरुम् ॥ १६ ॥

Manu had begun that sacrifice for the sake of getting a son, but because the priest was diverted by the request of Manu’s wife, a daughter named Ilā was born. Upon seeing the daughter, Manu was not very satisfied. Thus he spoke to his guru, Vasiṣṭha, as follows.

Verse 17

भगवन् किमिदं जातं कर्म वो ब्रह्मवादिनाम् । विपर्ययमहो कष्टं मैवं स्याद् ब्रह्मविक्रिया ॥ १७ ॥

My lord, all of you are expert in chanting the Vedic mantras. How then has the result been opposite to the one desired? This is a matter for lamentation. There should not have been such a reversal of the results of the Vedic mantras.

Verse 18

यूयं ब्रह्मविदो युक्तास्तपसा दग्धकिल्बिषा: । कुत: सङ्कल्पवैषम्यमनृतं विबुधेष्विव ॥ १८ ॥

You are all self-controlled, well balanced in mind, and aware of the Absolute Truth. And because of austerities and penances you are completely cleansed of all material contamination. Your words, like those of the demigods, are never baffled. Then how is it possible that your determination has failed?

Verse 19

निशम्य तद् वचस्तस्य भगवान् प्रपितामह: । होतुर्व्यतिक्रमं ज्ञात्वा बभाषे रविनन्दनम् ॥ १९ ॥

The most powerful great-grandfather Vasiṣṭha, after hearing these words of Manu, understood the discrepancy on the part of the priest. Thus he spoke as follows to the son of the sun-god.

Verse 20

एतत् सङ्कल्पवैषम्यं होतुस्ते व्यभिचारत: । तथापि साधयिष्ये ते सुप्रजास्त्वं स्वतेजसा ॥ २० ॥

This discrepancy in the objective is due to your priest’s deviation from the original purpose. However, by my own prowess I shall give you a good son.

Verse 21

एवं व्यवसितो राजन् भगवान् स महायशा: । अस्तौषीदादिपुरुषमिलाया: पुंस्त्वकाम्यया ॥ २१ ॥

Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: O King Parīkṣit, after the most famous and powerful Vasiṣṭha made this decision, he offered prayers to the Supreme Person, Viṣṇu, to transform Ilā into a male.

Verse 22

तस्मै कामवरं तुष्टो भगवान् हरिरीश्वर: । ददाविलाभवत् तेन सुद्युम्न: पुरुषर्षभ: ॥ २२ ॥

The Supreme Personality of Godhead, the supreme controller, being pleased with Vasiṣṭha, gave him the benediction he desired. Thus Ilā was transformed into a very fine male named Sudyumna.

Verse 23

स एकदा महाराज विचरन् मृगयां वने । वृत: कतिपयामात्यैरश्वमारुह्य सैन्धवम् ॥ २३ ॥ प्रगृह्य रुचिरं चापं शरांश्च परमाद्भ‍ुतान् । दंशितोऽनुमृगं वीरो जगाम दिशमुत्तराम् ॥ २४ ॥

O King Parīkṣit, that hero Sudyumna, accompanied by a few ministers and associates and riding on a horse brought from Sindhupradeśa, once went into the forest to hunt. He wore armor and was decorated with bows and arrows, and he was very beautiful. While following the animals and killing them, he reached the northern part of the forest.

Verse 24

स एकदा महाराज विचरन् मृगयां वने । वृत: कतिपयामात्यैरश्वमारुह्य सैन्धवम् ॥ २३ ॥ प्रगृह्य रुचिरं चापं शरांश्च परमाद्भ‍ुतान् । दंशितोऽनुमृगं वीरो जगाम दिशमुत्तराम् ॥ २४ ॥

O King Parīkṣit, that hero Sudyumna, accompanied by a few ministers and associates and riding on a horse brought from Sindhupradeśa, once went into the forest to hunt. He wore armor and was decorated with bows and arrows, and he was very beautiful. While following the animals and killing them, he reached the northern part of the forest.

Verse 25

सुकुमारवनं मेरोरधस्तात् प्रविवेश ह । यत्रास्ते भगवाञ्छर्वो रममाण: सहोमया ॥ २५ ॥

There in the north, at the bottom of Mount Meru, is a forest known as Sukumāra where Lord Śiva always enjoys with Umā. Sudyumna entered that forest.

Verse 26

तस्मिन् प्रविष्ट एवासौ सुद्युम्न: परवीरहा । अपश्यत् स्रियमात्मानमश्वं च वडवां नृप ॥ २६ ॥

O King Parīkṣit, as soon as Sudyumna, who was expert in subduing enemies, entered the forest, he saw himself transformed into a female and his horse transformed into a mare.

Verse 27

तथा तदनुगा: सर्वे आत्मलिङ्गविपर्ययम् । दृष्ट्वा विमनसोऽभूवन् वीक्षमाणा: परस्परम् ॥ २७ ॥

When his followers also saw their identities transformed and their sex reversed, they were all very morose and just looked at one another.

Verse 28

श्रीराजोवाच कथमेवं गुणो देश: केन वा भगवन् कृत: । प्रश्न‍मेनं समाचक्ष्व परं कौतूहलं हि न: ॥ २८ ॥

Mahārāja Parīkṣit said: O most powerful brāhmaṇa, why was this place so empowered, and who made it so powerful? Kindly answer this question, for I am very eager to hear about this.

Verse 29

श्रीशुक उवाच एकदा गिरिशं द्रष्टुमृषयस्तत्र सुव्रता: । दिशो वितिमिराभासा: कुर्वन्त: समुपागमन् ॥ २९ ॥

Śukadeva Gosvāmī answered: Great saintly persons who strictly observed the spiritual rules and regulations and whose own effulgence dissipated all the darkness of all directions once came to see Lord Śiva in that forest.

Verse 30

तान् विलोक्याम्बिका देवी विवासा व्रीडिता भृशम् । भर्तुरङ्कात् समुत्थाय नीवीमाश्वथ पर्यधात् ॥ ३० ॥

When the goddess Ambikā saw the great saintly persons, she was very much ashamed because at that time she was naked. She immediately got up from the lap of her husband and tried to cover her breast.

Verse 31

ऋषयोऽपि तयोर्वीक्ष्य प्रसङ्गं रममाणयो: । निवृत्ता: प्रययुस्तस्मान्नरनारायणाश्रमम् ॥ ३१ ॥

Seeing Lord Śiva and Pārvatī engaged in sexual affairs, all the great saintly persons immediately desisted from going further and departed for the āśrama of Nara-Nārāyaṇa.

Verse 32

तदिदं भगवानाह प्रियाया: प्रियकाम्यया । स्थानं य: प्रविशेदेतत् स वै योषिद् भवेदिति ॥ ३२ ॥

Thereupon, just to please his wife, Lord Śiva said, “Any male entering this place shall immediately become a female!”

Verse 33

तत ऊर्ध्वं वनं तद् वै पुरुषा वर्जयन्ति हि । सा चानुचरसंयुक्ता विचचार वनाद् वनम् ॥ ३३ ॥

Since that time, no male had entered that forest. But now King Sudyumna, having been transformed into a female, began to walk with his associates from one forest to another.

Verse 34

अथ तामाश्रमाभ्याशे चरन्तीं प्रमदोत्तमाम् । स्रीभि: परिवृतां वीक्ष्य चकमे भगवान् बुध: ॥ ३४ ॥

Sudyumna had been transformed into the best of beautiful women who excite sexual desire and was surrounded by other women. Upon seeing this beautiful woman loitering near his āśrama, Budha, the son of the moon, immediately desired to enjoy her.

Verse 35

सापि तं चकमे सुभ्रू: सोमराजसुतं पतिम् । स तस्यां जनयामास पुरूरवसमात्मजम् ॥ ३५ ॥

The beautiful woman also desired to accept Budha, the son of the king of the moon, as her husband. Thus Budha begot in her womb a son named Purūravā.

Verse 36

एवं स्रीत्वमनुप्राप्त: सुद्युम्नो मानवो नृप: । सस्मार स कुलाचार्यं वसिष्ठमिति शुश्रुम ॥ ३६ ॥

I heard from reliable sources that King Sudyumna, the son of Manu, having thus achieved femininity, remembered his familial spiritual master, Vasiṣṭha.

Verse 37

स तस्य तां दशां दृष्ट्वा कृपया भृशपीडित: । सुद्युम्नस्याशयन् पुंस्त्वमुपाधावत शङ्करम् ॥ ३७ ॥

Upon seeing Sudyumna’s deplorable condition, Vasiṣṭha was very much aggrieved. Desiring for Sudyumna to regain his maleness, Vasiṣṭha again began to worship Lord Śaṅkara [Śiva].

Verse 38

तुष्टस्तस्मै स भगवानृषये प्रियमावहन् । स्वां च वाचमृतां कुर्वन्निदमाह विशाम्पते ॥ ३८ ॥ मासं पुमान् स भविता मासं स्री तव गोत्रज: । इत्थं व्यवस्थया कामं सुद्युम्नोऽवतु मेदिनीम् ॥ ३९ ॥

O King Parīkṣit, Lord Śiva was pleased with Vasiṣṭha. Therefore, to satisfy him and to keep his own word to Pārvatī, Lord Śiva said to that saintly person, “Your disciple Sudyumna may remain a male for one month and a female for the next. In this way he may rule the world as he likes.”

Verse 39

तुष्टस्तस्मै स भगवानृषये प्रियमावहन् । स्वां च वाचमृतां कुर्वन्निदमाह विशाम्पते ॥ ३८ ॥ मासं पुमान् स भविता मासं स्री तव गोत्रज: । इत्थं व्यवस्थया कामं सुद्युम्नोऽवतु मेदिनीम् ॥ ३९ ॥

O King Parīkṣit, Lord Śiva was pleased with Vasiṣṭha. Therefore, to satisfy him and to keep his own word to Pārvatī, Lord Śiva said to that saintly person, “Your disciple Sudyumna may remain a male for one month and a female for the next. In this way he may rule the world as he likes.”

Verse 40

आचार्यानुग्रहात् कामं लब्ध्वा पुंस्त्वं व्यवस्थया । पालयामास जगतीं नाभ्यनन्दन् स्म तं प्रजा: ॥ ४० ॥

Thus being favored by the spiritual master, according to the words of Lord Śiva, Sudyumna regained his desired maleness every alternate month and in this way ruled the kingdom, although the citizens were not satisfied with this.

Verse 41

तस्योत्कलो गयो राजन् विमलश्च त्रय: सुता: । दक्षिणापथराजानो बभूवुर्धर्मवत्सला: ॥ ४१ ॥

O King, Sudyumna had three very pious sons, named Utkala, Gaya and Vimala, who became the kings of the Dakṣiṇā-patha.

Verse 42

तत: परिणते काले प्रतिष्ठानपति: प्रभु: । पुरूरवस उत्सृज्य गां पुत्राय गतो वनम् ॥ ४२ ॥

Thereafter, when the time was ripe, when Sudyumna, the king of the world, was sufficiently old, he delivered the entire kingdom to his son Purūravā and entered the forest.