Adhyaya 14

Verse 1

श्रीउद्धव उवाच वदन्ति कृष्ण श्रेयांसि बहूनि ब्रह्मवादिन: । तेषां विकल्पप्राधान्यमुताहो एकमुख्यता ॥ १ ॥

Śrī Uddhava said: My dear Kṛṣṇa, the learned sages who explain Vedic literature recommend various processes for perfecting one’s life. Considering these varieties of viewpoint, my Lord, please tell me whether all these processes are equally important, or whether one of them is supreme.

Verse 2

भवतोदाहृत: स्वामिन् भक्तियोगोऽनपेक्षित: । निरस्य सर्वत: सङ्गं येन त्वय्याविशेन्मन: ॥ २ ॥

My dear Lord, You have clearly explained the process of unalloyed devotional service, by which a devotee removes all material association from his life, enabling him to fix his mind on You.

Verse 3

श्रीभगवानुवाच कालेन नष्टा प्रलये वाणीयं वेदसंज्ञिता । मयादौ ब्रह्मणे प्रोक्ता धर्मो यस्यां मदात्मक: ॥ ३ ॥

The Supreme Personality of Godhead said: By the influence of time, the transcendental sound of Vedic knowledge was lost at the time of annihilation. Therefore, when the subsequent creation took place, I spoke the Vedic knowledge to Brahmā because I Myself am the religious principles enunciated in the Vedas.

Verse 4

तेन प्रोक्ता स्व पुत्राय मनवे पूर्वजाय सा । ततो भृग्वादयोऽगृह्णन् सप्त ब्रह्ममहर्षय: ॥ ४ ॥

Lord Brahmā spoke this Vedic knowledge to his eldest son, Manu, and the seven great sages headed by Bhṛgu Muni then accepted the same knowledge from Manu.

Verse 5

तेभ्य: पितृभ्यस्तत्पुत्रा देवदानवगुह्यका: । मनुष्या: सिद्धगन्धर्वा: सविद्याधरचारणा: ॥ ५ ॥ किन्देवा: किन्नरा नागा रक्ष:किम्पुरुषादय: । बह्वयस्तेषां प्रकृतयो रज:सत्त्वतमोभुव: ॥ ६ ॥ याभिर्भूतानि भिद्यन्ते भूतानां पतयस्तथा । यथाप्रकृति सर्वेषां चित्रा वाच: स्रवन्ति हि ॥ ७ ॥

From the forefathers headed by Bhṛgu Muni and other sons of Brahmā appeared many children and descendants, who assumed different forms as demigods, demons, human beings, Guhyakas, Siddhas, Gandharvas, Vidyādharas, Cāraṇas, Kindevas, Kinnaras, Nāgas, Kimpuruṣas, and so on. All of the many universal species, along with their respective leaders, appeared with different natures and desires generated from the three modes of material nature. Therefore, because of the different characteristics of the living entities within the universe, there are a great many Vedic rituals, mantras and rewards.

Verse 6

तेभ्य: पितृभ्यस्तत्पुत्रा देवदानवगुह्यका: । मनुष्या: सिद्धगन्धर्वा: सविद्याधरचारणा: ॥ ५ ॥ किन्देवा: किन्नरा नागा रक्ष:किम्पुरुषादय: । बह्वयस्तेषां प्रकृतयो रज:सत्त्वतमोभुव: ॥ ६ ॥ याभिर्भूतानि भिद्यन्ते भूतानां पतयस्तथा । यथाप्रकृति सर्वेषां चित्रा वाच: स्रवन्ति हि ॥ ७ ॥

From the forefathers headed by Bhṛgu Muni and other sons of Brahmā appeared many children and descendants, who assumed different forms as demigods, demons, human beings, Guhyakas, Siddhas, Gandharvas, Vidyādharas, Cāraṇas, Kindevas, Kinnaras, Nāgas, Kimpuruṣas, and so on. All of the many universal species, along with their respective leaders, appeared with different natures and desires generated from the three modes of material nature. Therefore, because of the different characteristics of the living entities within the universe, there are a great many Vedic rituals, mantras and rewards.

Verse 7

तेभ्य: पितृभ्यस्तत्पुत्रा देवदानवगुह्यका: । मनुष्या: सिद्धगन्धर्वा: सविद्याधरचारणा: ॥ ५ ॥ किन्देवा: किन्नरा नागा रक्ष:किम्पुरुषादय: । बह्वयस्तेषां प्रकृतयो रज:सत्त्वतमोभुव: ॥ ६ ॥ याभिर्भूतानि भिद्यन्ते भूतानां पतयस्तथा । यथाप्रकृति सर्वेषां चित्रा वाच: स्रवन्ति हि ॥ ७ ॥

From the forefathers headed by Bhṛgu Muni and other sons of Brahmā appeared many children and descendants, who assumed different forms as demigods, demons, human beings, Guhyakas, Siddhas, Gandharvas, Vidyādharas, Cāraṇas, Kindevas, Kinnaras, Nāgas, Kimpuruṣas, and so on. All of the many universal species, along with their respective leaders, appeared with different natures and desires generated from the three modes of material nature. Therefore, because of the different characteristics of the living entities within the universe, there are a great many Vedic rituals, mantras and rewards.

Verse 8

एवं प्रकृतिवैचित्र्याद् भिद्यन्ते मतयो नृणाम् । पारम्पर्येण केषाञ्चित् पाषण्डमतयोऽपरे ॥ ८ ॥

Thus, due to the great variety of desires and natures among human beings, there are many different theistic philosophies of life, which are handed down through tradition, custom and disciplic succession. There are other teachers who directly support atheistic viewpoints.

Verse 9

मन्मायामोहितधिय: पुरुषा: पुरुषर्षभ । श्रेयो वदन्त्यनेकान्तं यथाकर्म यथारुचि ॥ ९ ॥

O best among men, the intelligence of human beings is bewildered by My illusory potency, and thus, according to their own activities and whims, they speak in innumerable ways about what is actually good for people.

Verse 10

धर्ममेके यशश्चान्ये कामं सत्यं दमं शमम् । अन्ये वदन्ति स्वार्थं वा ऐश्व‍‍र्यं त्यागभोजनम् । केचिद् यज्ञं तपो दानं व्रतानि नियमान् यमान् ॥ १० ॥

Some say that people will be happy by performing pious religious activities. Others say that happiness is attained through fame, sense gratification, truthfulness, self-control, peace, self-interest, political influence, opulence, renunciation, consumption, sacrifice, penance, charity, vows, regulated duties or strict disciplinary regulation. Each process has its proponents.

Verse 11

आद्यन्तवन्त एवैषां लोका: कर्मविनिर्मिता: । दु:खोदर्कास्तमोनिष्ठा: क्षुद्रा मन्दा: शुचार्पिता: ॥ ११ ॥

All the persons I have just mentioned obtain temporary fruits from their material work. Indeed, the meager and miserable situations they achieve bring future unhappiness and are based on ignorance. Even while enjoying the fruits of their work, such persons are filled with lamentation.

Verse 12

मय्यर्पितात्मन: सभ्य निरपेक्षस्य सर्वत: । मयात्मना सुखं यत्तत् कुत: स्याद् विषयात्मनाम् ॥ १२ ॥

O learned Uddhava, those who fix their consciousness on Me, giving up all material desires, share with Me a happiness that cannot possibly be experienced by those engaged in sense gratification.

Verse 13

अकिञ्चनस्य दान्तस्य शान्तस्य समचेतस: । मया सन्तुष्टमनस: सर्वा: सुखमया दिश: ॥ १३ ॥

One who does not desire anything within this world, who has achieved peace by controlling his senses, whose consciousness is equal in all conditions and whose mind is completely satisfied in Me finds only happiness wherever he goes.

Verse 14

न पारमेष्ठ्यं न महेन्द्रधिष्ण्यं न सार्वभौमं न रसाधिपत्यम् । न योगसिद्धीरपुनर्भवं वा मय्यर्पितात्मेच्छति मद्विनान्यत् ॥ १४ ॥

One who has fixed his consciousness on Me desires neither the position or abode of Lord Brahmā or Lord Indra, nor an empire on the earth, nor sovereignty in the lower planetary systems, nor the eightfold perfection of yoga, nor liberation from birth and death. Such a person desires Me alone.

Verse 15

न तथा मे प्रियतम आत्मयोनिर्न शङ्कर: । न च सङ्कर्षणो न श्रीर्नैवात्मा च यथा भवान् ॥ १५ ॥

My dear Uddhava, neither Lord Brahmā, Lord Śiva, Lord Saṅkarṣaṇa, the goddess of fortune nor indeed My own self are as dear to Me as you are.

Verse 16

निरपेक्षं मुनिं शान्तं निर्वैरं समदर्शनम् । अनुव्रजाम्यहं नित्यं पूयेयेत्यङ्‍‍घ्रिरेणुभि: ॥ १६ ॥

With the dust of My devotees’ lotus feet I desire to purify the material worlds, which are situated within Me. Thus, I always follow the footsteps of My pure devotees, who are free from all personal desire, rapt in thought of My pastimes, peaceful, without any feelings of enmity, and of equal disposition everywhere.

Verse 17

निष्किञ्चना मय्यनुरक्तचेतस: शान्ता महान्तोऽखिलजीववत्सला: । कामैरनालब्धधियो जुषन्ति ते यन्नैरपेक्ष्यं न विदु: सुखं मम ॥ १७ ॥

Those who are without any desire for personal gratification, whose minds are always attached to Me, who are peaceful, without false ego and merciful to all living entities, and whose consciousness is never affected by opportunities for sense gratification — such persons enjoy in Me a happiness that cannot be known or achieved by those lacking such detachment from the material world.

Verse 18

बाध्यमानोऽपि मद्भ‍क्तो विषयैरजितेन्द्रिय: । प्राय: प्रगल्भया भक्त्या विषयैर्नाभिभूयते ॥ १८ ॥

My dear Uddhava, if My devotee has not fully conquered his senses, he may be harassed by material desires, but because of his unflinching devotion for Me, he will not be defeated by sense gratification.

Verse 19

यथाग्नि: सुसमृद्धार्चि: करोत्येधांसि भस्मसात् । तथा मद्विषया भक्तिरुद्धवैनांसि कृत्‍स्‍नश: ॥ १९ ॥

My dear Uddhava, just as a blazing fire turns firewood into ashes, similarly, devotion unto Me completely burns to ashes sins committed by My devotees.

Verse 20

न साधयति मां योगो न साङ्ख्यं धर्म उद्धव । न स्वाध्यायस्तपस्त्यागो यथा भक्तिर्ममोर्जिता ॥ २० ॥

My dear Uddhava, the unalloyed devotional service rendered to Me by My devotees brings Me under their control. I cannot be thus controlled by those engaged in mystic yoga, Sāṅkhya philosophy, pious work, Vedic study, austerity or renunciation.

Verse 21

भक्त्याहमेकया ग्राह्य: श्रद्धयात्मा प्रिय: सताम् । भक्ति: पुनाति मन्निष्ठा श्वपाकानपि सम्भवात् ॥ २१ ॥

Only by practicing unalloyed devotional service with full faith in Me can one obtain Me, the Supreme Personality of Godhead. I am naturally dear to My devotees, who take Me as the only goal of their loving service. By engaging in such pure devotional service, even the dog-eaters can purify themselves from the contamination of their low birth.

Verse 22

धर्म: सत्यदयोपेतो विद्या वा तपसान्विता । मद्भ‍क्त्यापेतमात्मानं न सम्यक् प्रपुनाति हि ॥ २२ ॥

Neither religious activities endowed with honesty and mercy nor knowledge obtained with great penance can completely purify one’s consciousness if they are bereft of loving service to Me.

Verse 23

कथं विना रोमहर्षं द्रवता चेतसा विना । विनानन्दाश्रुकलया शुध्येद् भक्त्या विनाशय: ॥ २३ ॥

If one’s hairs do not stand on end, how can the heart melt? And if the heart does not melt, how can tears of love flow from the eyes? If one does not cry in spiritual happiness, how can one render loving service to the Lord? And without such service, how can the consciousness be purified?

Verse 24

वाग् गद्गदा द्रवते यस्य चित्तं रुदत्यभीक्ष्णं हसति क्व‍‍चिच्च । विलज्ज उद्गायति नृत्यते च मद्भ‍‍क्तियुक्तो भुवनं पुनाति ॥ २४ ॥

A devotee whose speech is sometimes choked up, whose heart melts, who cries continually and sometimes laughs, who feels ashamed and cries out loudly and then dances — a devotee thus fixed in loving service to Me purifies the entire universe.

Verse 25

यथाग्निना हेम मलं जहाति ध्मातं पुन: स्वं भजते च रूपम् । आत्मा च कर्मानुशयं विधूय मद्भ‍‍क्तियोगेन भजत्यथो माम् ॥ २५ ॥

Just as gold, when smelted in fire, gives up its impurities and returns to its pure brilliant state, similarly, the spirit soul, absorbed in the fire of bhakti-yoga, is purified of all contamination caused by previous fruitive activities and returns to its original position of serving Me in the spiritual world.

Verse 26

यथा यथात्मा परिमृज्यतेऽसौ मत्पुण्यगाथाश्रवणाभिधानै: । तथा तथा पश्यति वस्तु सूक्ष्मं चक्षुर्यथैवाञ्जनसम्प्रयुक्तम् ॥ २६ ॥

When a diseased eye is treated with medicinal ointment it gradually recovers its power to see. Similarly, as a conscious living entity cleanses himself of material contamination by hearing and chanting the pious narrations of My glories, he regains his ability to see Me, the Absolute Truth, in My subtle spiritual form.

Verse 27

विषयान् ध्यायतश्चित्तं विषयेषु विषज्जते । मामनुस्मरतश्चित्तं मय्येव प्रविलीयते ॥ २७ ॥

The mind of one meditating upon the objects of sense gratification is certainly entangled in such objects, but if one constantly remembers Me, then the mind is absorbed in Me.

Verse 28

तस्मादसदभिध्यानं यथा स्वप्नमनोरथम् । हित्वा मयि समाधत्स्व मनो मद्भ‍ावभावितम् ॥ २८ ॥

Therefore, one should reject all material processes of elevation, which are like the mental creations of a dream, and should completely absorb one’s mind in Me. By constantly thinking of Me, one becomes purified.

Verse 29

स्‍त्रीणां स्‍त्रीसङ्गिनां सङ्गं त्यक्त्वा दूरत आत्मवान् । क्षेमे विविक्त आसीनश्चिन्तयेन्मामतन्द्रित: ॥ २९ ॥

Being conscious of the eternal self, one should give up association with women and those intimately associated with women. Sitting fearlessly in a solitary place, one should concentrate the mind on Me with great attention.

Verse 30

न तथास्य भवेत् क्लेशो बन्धश्चान्यप्रसङ्गत: । योषित्सङ्गाद् यथा पुंसो यथा तत्सङ्गिसङ्गत: ॥ ३० ॥

Of all kinds of suffering and bondage arising from various attachments, none is greater than the suffering and bondage arising from attachment to women and intimate contact with those attached to women.

Verse 31

श्रीउद्धव उवाच यथा त्वामरविन्दाक्ष याद‍ृशं वा यदात्मकम् । ध्यायेन्मुमुक्षुरेतन्मे ध्यानं त्वं वक्तुमर्हसि ॥ ३१ ॥

Śrī Uddhava said: My dear lotus-eyed Kṛṣṇa, by what process should one who desires liberation meditate upon You, of what specific nature should his meditation be, and upon which form should he meditate? Kindly explain to me this topic of meditation.

Verse 32

श्रीभगवानुवाच सम आसन आसीन: समकायो यथासुखम् । हस्तावुत्सङ्ग आधाय स्वनासाग्रकृतेक्षण: ॥ ३२ ॥ प्राणस्य शोधयेन्मार्गं पूरकुम्भकरेचकै: । विपर्ययेणापि शनैरभ्यसेन्निर्जितेन्द्रिय: ॥ ३३ ॥

The Supreme Personality of Godhead said: Sitting on a level seat that is not too high or too low, keeping the body straight and erect yet comfortable, placing the two hands on one’s lap and focusing the eyes on the tip of one’s nose, one should purify the pathways of breathing by practicing the mechanical exercises of pūraka, kumbhaka and recaka, and then one should reverse the procedure (recaka, kumbhaka, pūraka). Having fully controlled the senses, one may thus practice prāṇāyāma step by step.

Verse 33

श्रीभगवानुवाच सम आसन आसीन: समकायो यथासुखम् । हस्तावुत्सङ्ग आधाय स्वनासाग्रकृतेक्षण: ॥ ३२ ॥ प्राणस्य शोधयेन्मार्गं पूरकुम्भकरेचकै: । विपर्ययेणापि शनैरभ्यसेन्निर्जितेन्द्रिय: ॥ ३३ ॥

The Supreme Personality of Godhead said: Sitting on a level seat that is not too high or too low, keeping the body straight and erect yet comfortable, placing the two hands on one’s lap and focusing the eyes on the tip of one’s nose, one should purify the pathways of breathing by practicing the mechanical exercises of pūraka, kumbhaka and recaka, and then one should reverse the procedure (recaka, kumbhaka, pūraka). Having fully controlled the senses, one may thus practice prāṇāyāma step by step.

Verse 34

हृद्यविच्छिन्नमोङ्कारं घण्टानादं बिसोर्णवत् । प्राणेनोदीर्य तत्राथ पुन: संवेशयेत् स्वरम् ॥ ३४ ॥

Beginning from the mūlādhāra-cakra, one should move the life air continuously upward like the fibers in the lotus stalk until one reaches the heart, where the sacred syllable om is situated like the sound of a bell. One should thus continue raising the sacred syllable upward the distance of twelve aṅgulas, and there the oṁkāra should be joined together with the fifteen vibrations produced with anusvāra.

Verse 35

एवं प्रणवसंयुक्तं प्राणमेव समभ्यसेत् । दशकृत्वस्‍त्रिषवणं मासादर्वाग् जितानिल: ॥ ३५ ॥

Being fixed in the oṁkāra, one should carefully practice the prāṇāyāma system ten times at each sunrise, noon and sunset. Thus, after one month one will have conquered the life air.