Shloka 11

Devanagari script

देवा यक्षास् तथा दैत्या राक्षसाः सिद्धपन्नगाः कूष्माण्डाश् च पिशाचाश् च गन्धर्वा मनुजास् तथा

Transliteration

devā yakṣās tathā daityā rākṣasāḥ siddhapannagāḥ kūṣmāṇḍāś ca piśācāś ca gandharvā manujās tathā

Translation

有诸天、夜叉与代提耶；有罗刹、悉达与龙蛇族；有库什曼达与毗舍遮；有乾闼婆——同样也有人类。

Word by Word

• देवाः: gods
• देवाः: Karta/Pratipādya (Listed nominatives/समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• यक्षाः: yakṣas
• यक्षाः: Karta/Pratipādya (Listed nominatives/समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yakṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• तथा: and also
• तथा: Samuccaya/Anukrama (Also/coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb/conjunctive)

• दैत्याḥ: daityas (demons)
• दैत्याḥ: Karta/Pratipādya (Listed nominatives/समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daitya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• राक्षसाः: rākṣasas
• राक्षसाः: Karta/Pratipādya (Listed nominatives/समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• सिद्धपन्नगाः: siddhas and serpents
• सिद्धपन्नगाः: Karta/Pratipādya (Listed nominatives/समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: siddha + pannaga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural); इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (siddhāḥ ca pannagāḥ ca)

• कूष्माण्डाः: kūṣmāṇḍas
• कूष्माण्डाः: Karta/Pratipādya (Listed nominatives/समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kūṣmāṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (Coordination/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-निपात (conjunction)

• पिशाचाः: piśācas
• पिशाचाः: Karta/Pratipādya (Listed nominatives/समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: piśāca (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (Coordination/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-निपात (conjunction)

• गन्धर्वाः: gandharvas
• गन्धर्वाः: Karta/Pratipādya (Listed nominatives/समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gandharva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• मनुजाः: humans
• मनुजाः: Karta/Pratipādya (Listed nominatives/समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manuja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• तथा: and also
• तथा: Samuccaya/Anukrama (Also/coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb/conjunctive)

Speaker

Sage Parāśara (teaching Maitreya)

Cosmological Context

Creation Stage: Secondary

Cosmic Hierarchy: Lokas

Vaishnava Theology

Vishnu Form: Hari

Characters & Entities

• Devas
• Yakshas
• Daityas
• Rakshasas
• Siddhas
• Nagas (Pannagas)
• Kushmandas
• Gandharvas
• Humans (Manujas)

FAQs

What is the significance of listing many classes of beings in the Vishnu Purana?

It maps the ordered diversity of creation—showing that gods, spirits, demons, serpent-races, and humans all belong to a single cosmic scheme upheld by the Supreme Lord’s governance.

How does Sage Parāśara explain the structure of the world through such enumerations?

By cataloguing beings by type, Parāśara presents creation as layered and comprehensive, helping Maitreya understand that the universe includes multiple realms and species within one regulated cosmic order.

The theological importance of Lord Vishnu in this context?

Even when Vishnu is not named in the line, the context of Sarga frames all categories of life—divine, human, and demonic—as existing within the Supreme Reality’s sustaining power and cosmic sovereignty.