Shloka 9

गोवर्धनोत्तरविस्मयः, रासलीलाप्रसङ्गः, तथा सर्वव्याप्तिवेदान्तोपदेशः

Devanagari script

क्षणं भूत्वा त्व् असौ तूष्णीं किंचित् प्रणयकोपवान् इत्य् एवम् उक्तस् तैर् गोपैः कृष्णो ऽप्य् आह महामुने

Transliteration

kṣaṇaṃ bhūtvā tv asau tūṣṇīṃ kiṃcit praṇayakopavān ity evam uktas tair gopaiḥ kṛṣṇo 'py āha mahāmune

Translation

他片刻沉默，心中含着一丝由爱而生的微恼。随后，被那些牧人如此问及，噢大圣者，克里希纳也开口作答。

Word by Word

• क्षणम्: for a moment
• क्षणम्: Kāla-adhikarana (Time/कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन; कालपरिमाण (duration)

• भूत्वा: having become
• भूत्वा: Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund/absolutive), ‘भूत्वा’ = having become/being

• तु: but
• तु: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/अन्वयबोधक निपात (but/indeed)

• असौ: he (that one)
• असौ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: असद्/अदस् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• तूष्णीम्: silently
• तूष्णीम्: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तूष्णीम् (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• किञ्चित्: a little
• किञ्चित्: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: किञ्चित् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययवत्)
• Form: परिमाणवाचक अव्यय (adverb: a little/somewhat)

• प्रणयकोपवान्: having playful (affectionate) anger
• प्रणयकोपवान्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रणय (प्रातिपदिक) + कोप (प्रातिपदिक) + वत् (तद्धित)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; समासः—प्रणयेन सह कोपः (प्रणयकोपः) तद्वान् (possessing affectionate anger)

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (Quotation marker/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उक्त्यर्थक अव्यय (quotative particle)

• एवम्: in this manner
• एवम्: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक अव्यय (adverb: in this way)

• उक्तः: addressed, spoken to
• उक्तः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वच् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘उच्यते’ इति (having been spoken to)

• तैः: by them
• तैः: Karana (Agent-instrument in passive/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, तृतीया (3rd case), बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• गोपैः: by the cowherds
• गोपैः: Karana (Agent-instrument in passive/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd case), बहुवचन

• कृष्णः: Krishna
• कृष्णः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपेक्षार्थक निपात (also/even)

• आह: said
• आह: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह्/ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन

• महामुने: O great sage
• महामुने: Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा (प्रातिपदिक) + मुनि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th case), एकवचन; समासः—महान् मुनिः (महामुनिः)

Speaker

Sage Parāśara (narrating to Maitreya; addressing him as ‘mahāmune’)

Parashara-Maitreya Dialogue

Speaker: Parasara

Teaching: Devotional

Quality: narrative

Avatara Context

Avatara: Krishna

Purpose: To enchant devotees through intimate human emotions that conceal and reveal divinity, deepening their loving bond.

Leela: Bala

Dharma Restored: Sanctification of human emotion (even playful indignation) within divine līlā, guiding devotees to affectionate reverence.

Vaishnava Theology

Vishnu Form: Krishna

Bhakti Type: Sakhya

Characters & Entities

• Krishna

FAQs

What is the significance of praṇaya-kopa (affectionate anger) in the Vishnu Purana’s Krishna episodes?

It highlights Krishna’s lila: the Supreme appears in intimate, humanlike emotions that deepen the devotees’ closeness rather than create real conflict.

How does Sage Parāśara structure the narration to Maitreya in this verse?

Parāśara frames the scene with a brief narrative pause (Krishna’s silence) and then transitions into direct speech, maintaining the storyteller-to-disciple dialogue.

What is the theological importance of Krishna replying to the gopas in this context?

The verse presents Vishnu-as-Krishna engaging personally with devotees, showing divine sovereignty expressed through accessible, relational interaction central to bhakti.