
Bhāratavarṣa-nava-bheda-vyavasthā tathā nadī-parvata-nirdeśaḥ
Ancient-Geography
在伐罗诃与大地女神(Varāha–Pṛthivī)的教诲框架中,本章以引述鲁陀罗(Rudra)之声作为权威证言来宣说。经文先言“地莲”式的布局(bhūpadma-vyavasthā)已阐明,继而说明婆罗多(Bhārata)分为九部,列出九个名称作为区域类别。各部皆称为环海而立,并以由旬(yojana)计其广狭;又以七座“族系支撑山”(kula-parvata)来标示大地之安稳。随后再录诸小山名目。最后把人类居处(Ārya与mleccha诸国土)与水系相连:列举主要河流,并按其发源山系分组——喜马伐特(Himavat)、帕里亚特拉(Pāriyātra)、梨叉(Ṛkṣa)、温提耶(Vindhya)与萨诃耶(Sahya),呈现地理为滋养众生、维系大地平衡的流域生态网络。
Verse 1
鲁陀罗曰:“莲华世界之安立已为汝等宣说。今当谛听婆罗多(Bhārata)之九分:因陀罗(Indra)、迦塞卢(Kaseru)、铜色(Tāmravarṇa)、光辉(Gabhasti)、龙洲(Nāgadvīpa)、吉祥(Saumya)、乾闼婆(Gandharva)、伐楼那(Vāruṇa)与婆多罗(Bhātara)。每一分皆为大海所环,量一千由旬。其间有七族山(kulaparvata):摩诃因陀罗(Mahendra)、摩罗耶(Malaya)、萨诃耶(Sahya)、舒克提曼(Śuktimān)、梨叉山(Ṛkṣaparvata)、温提耶(Vindhya)与波利耶怛罗(Pāriyātra),此为族山。又有诸小山:曼陀罗(Mandara)、舍罗陀(Śārada)、阿尔杜罗(Ardura)、拘罗(Kola)、诃罗诃罗(Hālāhala)、阿修罗(Asura)、迈那迦(Maināka)、毗地优多(Vaidyuta)、伐兰陀(Vārāndha)、摩般荼罗(Mapāṇḍura)、通伽普拉斯他(Tuṅgaprastha)、黑山(Kṛṣṇagiri)、阇延多(Jayanta)、赖伐多(Raivata)、梨湿耶目迦(Ṛṣyamūka)、瞿曼多(Gomanta)、质多罗拘吒(Citrakūṭa)、室利遮拘罗(Śrīcakora)、库吒山(Kūṭaśaila)与克利多斯他罗(Kṛtasthala)等;其余更为细小。其地有雅利安与弥勒叉诸国人居住。彼等饮此诸河之水:恒河(Gaṅgā)、信度河(Sindhu)、萨拉斯瓦蒂(Sarasvatī)、设多德卢(Śatadru)、毗多斯塔(Vitastā)、毗波沙(Vipāśā)、旃陀罗婆伽(Candrabhāgā)、萨罗由(Sarayū)、阎牟那(Yamunā)、伊罗伐底(Irāvatī)、提毗迦(Devikā)、库呼(Kuhū)、瞿摩底(Gomatī)、洗罪河(Dhūtapāpā)、婆呼陀(Bāhudā)、德利沙德伐底(Dṛṣadvatī)、拘湿迦(Kauśikī)、尼湿伐罗(Nisvarā)、犍陀迦(Gaṇḍakī)、恰拘湿摩底(Cakṣuṣmatī)与卢醯多(Lohitā);此等皆出自雪山(Himavat)之足。又有吠陀忆念河(Vedasmariti)、吠陀伐底(Vedavatī)、信度叶河(Sindhuparṇā)、娑旃檀那(Sacandanā)、善行河(Sadācārā)、罗醯波罗(Rohipārā)、遮摩那伐底(Carmaṇvatī)、毗提沙(Vidiśā)与三吠陀河(Vedatrayī);此等皆出自波利耶怛罗(Pāriyātra)。”
Verse 2
娑那河(Śoṇā)、光车河(Jyotīrathā)、那摩陀河(Narmadā)、苏罗娑(Surasā)、曼陀吉尼(Mandākinī)、达沙尔那(Daśārṇā)、质多罗拘吒(Citrakūṭā)、昏暗河(Tamasā)、毕波罗(Pippalā)、迦罗托耶(Karatoyā)、毗舍遮迦(Piśācikā)、质多罗乌钵罗(Citrotpalā)、毗舍罗(Viśālā)、万珠罗(Vaṅjulā)、婆卢迦(Bālukā)、婆醯尼(Vāhinī)、舒克提摩底(Śuktimatī)、毗罗阇(Virajā)、旁吉尼(Paṅkinī)、里里(Rirī)与库呼(Kuhū)——此等皆由梨叉山(Ṛkṣa)所生。摩尼网河(Maṇijālā)、吉祥河(Śubhā)、塔毗河(Tāpī)、乳暖河(Payoṣṇī)、疾流河(Śīghrodā)、韦什那(Veṣṇā)、帕沙(Pāśā)、吠多罗尼(Vaitaraṇī)、吠提(Vedī)、帕利(Pālī)、拘牟陀伐底(Kumudvatī)、托耶(Toyā)、难行河(Durgā)、安底耶(Antyā)与吉罗(Girā)——此等皆出自温提耶(Vindhya)之足。瞿陀婆利(Godāvarī)、毗摩罗提(Bhīmarathī)、黑河(Kṛṣṇā)、韦那(Veṇā)、万珠罗(Vaṅjulā)、通伽婆陀罗(Tuṅgabhadrā)、善合河(Suprayogā)、婆醯耶(Vāhyā)与迦维利(Kāverī)——此等皆出自萨诃耶(Sahya)之足。
Rather than prescribing a ritual ethic, the passage frames terrestrial order through interlinked divisions of land, sustaining mountain ranges, and river networks. The implicit instruction is that human habitation (janapadas) depends upon stable watersheds and geomorphological supports (kula-parvatas), presenting Earth as an organized system whose balance is maintained by mountains and rivers.
No explicit chronological markers (tithi, nakṣatra, māsa, or seasonal timings) appear in the provided ślokas. The content is primarily classificatory (regions, mountains, rivers) rather than calendrical or ritual-scheduling.
Environmental balance is articulated through a watershed model: rivers are enumerated and explicitly traced to mountain sources (Himavat, Pāriyātra, Ṛkṣa, Vindhya, Sahya). By connecting settlement patterns to potable river waters, the text implies an ecology where Earth’s habitability depends on the integrity of mountain-fed river systems.
Rudra is the explicit authoritative speaker within the quoted segment. The passage also references social categories of habitation (Ārya and mleccha janapadas) but does not name specific royal dynasties, sages, or administrative lineages in the provided excerpt.
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