Shiva Purana — Kotirudra Samhita, Shloka 51

Bhaimaśaṅkara-māhātmya: Śiva’s Descent in Kāmarūpa and the Rise of Bhīma

Devanagari script

देवाश्च पीडितास्तेन सशक्रा ऋषयस्तथा । अत्यन्तं दुःखमापन्ना लोकान्निस्सारिता द्विजाः

Transliteration

devāśca pīḍitāstena saśakrā ṛṣayastathā | atyantaṃ duḥkhamāpannā lokānnissāritā dvijāḥ

Translation

他们被其折磨，诸天——连同因陀罗——以及诸仙（ṛṣi）也陷入极度苦恼；而诸“二生者”（婆罗门等）被逐出各自的世界。

Word by Word

• devāḥ: the gods
• devāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction/particle (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• pīḍitāḥ: afflicted
• pīḍitāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pīḍita (कृदन्त; पीड् धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• tena: by him/that (one)
• tena: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुंसक), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• sa-śakrāḥ: together with Indra
• sa-śakrāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sa (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + śakra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpurusha (सह-समास/सहितार्थ), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ṛṣayaḥ: the sages
• ṛṣayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• tathā: also/likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण अव्यय)

• atyantam: exceedingly
• atyantam: Visheshana (विशेषण/degree)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atyanta (अव्यय/नपुंसक-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adverb (अत्यर्थे क्रियाविशेषण)

• duḥkham: sorrow
• duḥkham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• āpannāḥ: having fallen into / having reached
• āpannāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: āpanna (कृदन्त; आप्/आपद् धातु)
• Form: Past active participle (क्त/क्तवत्-भाव), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• lokān: from the worlds (worlds as source)
• lokān: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: loka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• niḥsāritāḥ: driven out/expelled
• niḥsāritāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: niḥsārita (कृदन्त; निḥ-√सृ/सारय् caus. धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• dvijāḥ: the twice-born (Brahmins)
• dvijāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvija (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

Speaker

Suta Goswami

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pashu

Characters & Entities

• Indra
• Devas
• Rishis
• Dvijas

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

It shows that even devas and great sages can be overwhelmed when dharma is disturbed; in Shaiva Siddhanta this points to the need for refuge in Pati (Lord Shiva), the supreme protector who removes pasha (bondage) and restores cosmic order.

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

Such collective distress typically becomes the narrative cause for Shiva’s compassionate, saguna manifestation—often as a Linga or a saving form—so devotees learn that Shiva is approachable and responsive when sincerely invoked.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

The practical takeaway is śaraṇāgati (taking refuge): japa of the Panchakshara mantra “Om Namaḥ Śivāya,” along with simple Shaiva observances like applying tripuṇḍra (bhasma) and maintaining a prayerful, dharmic conduct in times of fear.