Shiva Purana — Kotirudra Samhita, Shloka 12

महाकालज्योतिर्लिङ्गमाहात्म्ये चन्द्रसेन-चिन्तामणि-प्रसङ्गः

Mahākāla Jyotirliṅga Māhātmya: The Episode of King Candrasena and the Cintāmaṇi

Devanagari script

ते कदर्थीकृतास्सर्वे चन्द्रसेनेन भूभृता । राजानस्सर्वदेशानां संरम्भं चक्रिरे तदा

Transliteration

te kadarthīkṛtāssarve candrasenena bhūbhṛtā | rājānassarvadeśānāṃ saṃrambhaṃ cakrire tadā

Translation

诸王皆被旃陀罗塞那所辱，于是怒火炽盛，煽动敌意；来自各地的君主在那狂怒中结为一体。

Word by Word

• ते: they
• ते: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन (plural), पुल्लिङ्ग (masculine) — ‘they/those’

• कदर्थीकृताः: having been humiliated
• कदर्थीकृताः: Karma (कर्म/Object in passive construction)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कदर्थी-कृ (कृदन्त; धातु √कृ)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुल्लिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन (plural) — ‘insulted/ill-treated’

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन (plural), पुल्लिङ्ग (masculine) — ‘all’ (qualifying भूभृता/राजानः)

• चन्द्रसेनेन: by Candrasena
• चन्द्रसेनेन: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चन्द्रसेन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन (singular), पुल्लिङ्ग (masculine) — ‘by Candrasena’

• भूभृता: the kings
• भूभृता: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भू-भृत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन (plural), पुल्लिङ्ग (masculine) — ‘kings’

• राजानः: kings
• राजानः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन (plural), पुल्लिङ्ग (masculine) — ‘kings’ (appositional to भूभृता)

• सर्वदेशानाम्: of all regions
• सर्वदेशानाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व-देश (प्रातिपदिक; components: सर्व + देश)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन (plural), पुल्लिङ्ग (masculine) — ‘of all countries/regions’

• संरम्भम्: wrath/hostility
• संरम्भम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संरम्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन (singular), पुल्लिङ्ग (masculine) — ‘anger/hostile agitation’

• चक्रिरे: they stirred up / made
• चक्रिरे: Kriya (क्रिया/Finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect/लिट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (plural), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada) — ‘they did/made’

• तदा: then
• तदा: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)

Speaker

Suta Goswami

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pasha

Shiva Form: Mahākāla

Jyotirlinga Context

Jyotirlinga: Mahākāleśvara

Sthala Purana: The humiliation of the kings catalyzes saṃrambha (violent agitation). In the Mahākāla frame, this is the intensification of pāśa: ego-injury and envy harden into collective hostility, setting the stage for Śiva’s eventual reassertion of dharma.

Significance: A cautionary layer for pilgrims: proximity to Mahākāla should dissolve ahaṅkāra; otherwise, affronted pride becomes a new bondage leading to conflict.

Characters & Entities

• Candrasena

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

The verse highlights how māna-apamāna (pride and insult) inflames saṃrambha (agitated anger), tightening the pāśa (bondage) that keeps beings turned away from Shiva, the Pati (liberating Lord).

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

In the Kotirudra narrative setting, worldly conflicts become the backdrop that pushes devotees and rulers toward Saguna Shiva worship—seeking refuge in the Linga’s stabilizing grace rather than escalating enmity.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

A practical takeaway is to pacify anger through japa of the Panchakshara (“Om Namaḥ Śivāya”) and simple Shiva-upāsanā (Linga worship with water), cultivating śānti (inner peace) before action.