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Sama Veda — Uttarārcika, Mantra 1

Agni as Hotṛ and guardian of the sacrifice

Rishi: Unspecified (Rigvedic source attribution required for certainty)
Devata: Agni
Chandas: Unspecified (requires Rigvedic metrical verification)
Devanagari Script

अग्निं होतारं मन्ये दास्वन्तं वसोः सूनुं सहसो जातवेदसं विप्रं य ऊर्ध्वरो स्वध्वरो देवो देवाच्या कृपा घृतस्य विभ्राष्टिमनु शुक्रशोचिष आजुह्वानस्य सर्पिषः

Samhita Patha

agniṃ hotāraṃ manye dāsvantaṃ vasoḥ sūnuṃ sahaso jātavedasaṃ vipraṃ ya ūrdhvaro svadhvaro devo devācyā kṛpā ghṛtasya vibhrāṣṭimanu śukraśociṣa ājuhvānasya sarpiṣaḥ

Transliteration

agni1ṃ hotā2raṃ manye dā3svantaṃ vasoḥ sūnuṃ sahaso jātavedasaṃ vipraṃ ya ūrdhvo2 svadhvaro3 devo devācyāḥ kṛpā ghṛtasya vibhrāṣṭimanu śukraśociṣa ājuhvānasya sarpiṣaḥ

Translation

我以为阿耆尼（Agni）即是祭司霍特尔（Hotṛ）：慷慨施与者，财富之子；由力而生的贾塔维达斯（Jātavedas），睿智者。祂身正而祭仪端整，依神圣的定命，循着澄明酥油（ghṛta）闪耀的流光；以明亮火焰照耀，当献祭者倾注融化的供酥（sarpiṣ）而行献。

Pada Patha (Word Analysis)

agnim | hotāram | manye | dāsvantam | vasoḥ | sūnum | sahasaḥ | jātavedasam | vipram | yaḥ | ūrdhvaḥ | su-adhvaraḥ | devaḥ | devācyāḥ | kṛpā | ghṛtasya | vibhrāṣṭim | anu | śukra-śociṣaḥ | ā-juhvānasya | sarpiṣaḥ

Word by Word
अग्निम्Agni (as object)
अग्निम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि- (प्रातिपदिक)
होतारम्the Hotṛ (invoking priest)
होतारम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootहोतृ- (प्रातिपदिक)
मन्येI think / I deem
मन्ये:
—
TypeVerb
Root√मन् (मन्यते)
दास्वन्तम्bounteous, giving
दास्वन्तम्:
कर्म
TypeAdjective
Rootदास्वन्त् (√दा ‘to give’ से कृत्-प्रातिपदिक)
वसोःof wealth / of the good (Vasu)
वसोः:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootवसु- (प्रातिपदिक)
सूनुम्son
सूनुम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootसूनु- (प्रातिपदिक)
सहसःof might / of strength
सहसः:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootसहस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
जातवेदसम्Jātavedas (Agni, knower of births)
जातवेदसम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootजातवेदस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
विप्रम्sage, inspired priest
विप्रम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र- (प्रातिपदिक)
यःwho
यः:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
ऊर्ध्वःupright, rising
ऊर्ध्वः:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective
Rootऊर्ध्व- (प्रातिपदिक)
स्वध्वरःof good rite / with good sacrifice
स्वध्वरः:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वध्वर- (प्रातिपदिक)
देवःthe god
देवः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootदेव- (प्रातिपदिक)
देवाच्यःto be invoked by the gods / god-invoked
देवाच्यः:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective
Rootदेवाच्य- (प्रातिपदिक; देव + आच्य ‘to be invoked/praised’)
कृपाcompassion, favor
कृपा:
कर्तृ (विशेषणवत्/विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootकृपा- (प्रातिपदिक)
घृतस्यof ghee
घृतस्य:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootघृत- (प्रातिपदिक)
विभ्राष्टिम्shining flame / radiance
विभ्राष्टिम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootविभ्राष्टि- (प्रातिपदिक)
अनुalong, after
अनु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनु (अव्यय)
शुक्रशोचिषःof bright flame / of shining light
शुक्रशोचिषः:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootशुक्रशोचिस्- (प्रातिपदिक; शुक्र + शोचिस्)
आजुह्वानस्यof the one offering/invoking (pouring into fire)
आजुह्वानस्य:
सम्बन्ध
TypeParticiple (Adjectival)
Rootआ-√हु (जुहोति) से ‘आजुह्वान’ (कृत्-प्रातिपदिक)
सर्पिषःof melted butter (sarpis)
सर्पिषः:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootसर्पिस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
Sāman Melody Name

Gautamasya (probable Agni-stotra setting; exact assignment varies by śākhā)

Vocal Structure

{ "prastava": "(stobha prelude, typically: hā/ho/ā variants per gāna)", "udgitha": "agniṃ hotāraṃ manye ... devācyāḥ", "pratihara": "kṛpā ghṛtasya vibhrāṣṭim anu", "upadrava": "śukraśociṣa ājuhvānasya", "nidhana": "sarpiṣaḥ (often lengthened as closing support)", "structure_notes": "Exact segmentation depends on the assigned sāman in the Kauthuma gāna; epithets often sit in udgītha, while oblation-imagery phrases are placed in upadrava/nidhana for cadence.", "singer_assignments": "Prastotṛ: prastāva; Udgātṛ: udgītha+upadrava; Pratihartṛ: pratihāra; all/chorus: nidhana." }

Sāyaṇa Commentary

{ "gloss_summary": "Agni is the divine Hotṛ who conveys offerings; ‘ūrdhva’ marks the upward flame as sign of acceptance; ‘ghṛta-vibhrāṣṭi’ is the shining flow/lustre of ghee in oblation; ‘ājuhvāna’ is the offerer pouring; ‘śukraśociṣ’ indicates bright flame.", "ritual_interpretation": "The mantra is suited to moments emphasizing correct āhuti and the visible sign of Agni’s acceptance—upright blaze following ghee.", "theological_insight": "Agni’s priesthood is intrinsic (devaḥ devācyāḥ): the rite is effective because cosmic order itself appoints Agni as mediator.", "etymology_highlights": "jātavedas = jāta (born) + veda (knows); adhvara as ‘non-injuring’/well-ordered rite; vipra as inspired/wise." }

Ritual Application
Academic Analysis
Symbolic Meaning
Musical Layer
Rigveda Source
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Devata Aspects
Chandas Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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